Cretaceous Period Sankofa Pyrenaica Fossilized Eggs Are Unusually Shaped

Sankofa pyrenaica eggs

High in the Pyrenean mountains of Spain, paleontologists found hen-shaped dinosaur eggs sticking out of ancient sandstone. The eggs, which date back to 70 million years, were laid by a yet unknown dinosaur, which paleontologists speculate was a small meat-eater. They think that it stood on the blurry divide between birds and dinosaurs.

The scientists published their findings in the journal Paleontology. Initially, it was hard to tell that these eggs were fossilized. The oldest known dinosaur eggs are from the Jurassic period (200 million years to 145 million years ago), about 190 million years ago. Most fossilized shells come from the Cretaceous period, which lasted from 145 million years ago to 65 million years ago.

S. pyrenaica fossilized eggshells under an optical microscope (top) and scanning electron microscope (bottom).

Nieves Lopez-Martinez, a now deceased paleontologist of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Enric Vicens, of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, discovered two new egg nests in the Pyrenees, a mountain range that borders France and Spain. The eggshell fragments stood almost complete and included a 2.75-inch-long (7-centimeter-long) egg, about the size of a large chicken egg. The dinosaur was named Sankofa pyrenaica, which means “learning from the past” in Ashanti, a West African language.

The paleontologists suspect that the eggs were located in nests on the beach barrier of an island lagoon, until some cataclysmic event buried them. The fine preservation of these eggs allowed scientists to see the differences from modern bird eggs. The eggs are missing a third external layer, which is common to almost all modern bird eggshells

The analysis of the eggs indicates that the dinosaur parent was a transitional animal between modern birds and small, meat-eating dinosaurs.

Reference: “A new peculiar dinosaur egg, Sankofa pyrenaica oogen. nov. oosp. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous coastal deposits of the Aren Formation, south-central Pyrenees, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain” by Nieves López-Martínez, Enric Vicens, 13 March 2012, Paleontology.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01114.x