Dutch Healthcare System Deemed “Unprepared” for Pregnant Transgender Men

Transgender men may desire to become pregnant but often face a lack of knowledge and skills from care providers. Amsterdam UMC conducted qualitative research on Dutch transgender individuals’ experiences with maternity care, revealing that the healthcare system in the Netherlands and internationally is inadequate in providing gender-inclusive care. They found a need for guidelines and support platforms to assist transgender and gender-diverse individuals in accessing appropriate services.

Transgender men can, and often wish to, become pregnant. However, they do need extra guidance and care providers often lack the necessary knowledge and skills. Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC) is the first to conduct qualitative research into the experiences of Dutch transgender people with maternity care. This research is now available as a pre-print in the journal Midwifery.  

Transgender men often undergo medical procedures to adjust their bodies to their male gender identity. These medical interventions can affect fertility. Some transgender men, therefore, choose not to undergo these treatments, postpone them or, even, to temporarily stop them. Allowing them to retain the possibility of becoming pregnant. 

Lack of Environment Understanding 

Registrar Jojanneke van Amesfoort and gynecologist Norah van Mello, together with colleagues from Amsterdam UMC, conducted research into the experiences of transgender and gender-diverse individuals. With a focus on the entire pregnancy trajectory, from becoming pregnant to being pregnant, giving birth and, lastly, the postpartum period. They interviewed five Dutch transgender men who have been pregnant and have given birth to one or more children. 

This research shows that their experiences differ greatly from a female pregnancy. For example, transgender men get little to no understanding of pregnancy from their environment, as pregnancy is seen as something feminine in society. Finding the right care providers can also be difficult, sometimes leading to individuals withholding the desire to become pregnant. Fear also plays a role in the process. On one hand, the fear that pregnancy will hinder their medical transition as well as the fear of negative reactions from healthcare providers. These findings echo international studies into the experience of pregnant transgender men.  

Missing Knowledge  

In addition, for some, pregnancy and childbirth can provoke or even reinforce feelings of gender dysphoria (feeling of discomfort because gender at birth does not correspond to gender identity) and isolation. During the postpartum period, it became particularly clear to them that both health care and the law still offer insufficient scope for birth parents who do not identify as female. They also experienced that the care providers lack the right knowledge and understanding to adequately guide transgender and gender-diverse people. 

Time for Guidelines 

The results emphasize that the Dutch healthcare landscape, much like the international situation, is still insufficiently equipped to provide gender-inclusive care. There is also a lack of guidelines to guide transgender and gender diverse people and to enable referral to the correct services and support platforms.  

Reference: “The barriers and needs of transgender men in pregnancy and childbirth: a qualitative interview study” by J.E. van Amesfoort, F.B. van Rooij, R.C. Painter, A.W. Valkenburg-van den Berg, B.P.C. Kreukels, T.D. Steensma, J.A.F. Huirne, C.J.M. de Groot and N.M. Van Mello, 16 February 2023, Midwifery.
DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103620