Electronic Tattoo Offers Highly Accurate, Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring

Blood Pressure Monitoring E-Tattoo

A new electronic tattoo that can be worn comfortably on the wrist for hours delivers continuous blood pressure measurements at an accuracy level exceeding nearly all available options on the market today. Credit: University of Texas at Austin

Blood pressure is one of the most important indicators of heart health, but it’s tough to frequently and reliably measure outside of a clinical setting. For decades, cuff-based devices that constrict around the arm to give a reading have been the gold standard. But now, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University have developed an electronic tattoo that can be worn comfortably on the wrist for hours and deliver continuous blood pressure measurements at an accuracy level exceeding nearly all available options on the market today.

“Blood pressure is the most important vital sign you can measure, but the methods to do it outside of the clinic passively, without a cuff, are very limited,” said Deji Akinwande, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at UT Austin and one of the co-leaders of the project, which is documented in a new paper published on June 20, 2022, in Nature Nanotechnology.

High blood pressure can lead to serious heart conditions if left untreated. It can be hard to capture with a traditional blood pressure check because that only measures a moment in time, a single data point.

“Taking infrequent blood pressure measurements has many limitations, and it does not provide insight into exactly how our body is functioning,” said Roozbeh Jafari, a professor of biomedical engineering, computer science, and electrical engineering at Texas A&M and the other co-leader of the project.

Blood Pressure Electronic Tattoo

E-tattoos are a good choice for mobile blood pressure monitoring because they reside in a sticky, stretchy material encasing the sensors that is comfortable to wear for long periods and does not slide around. Credit: University of Texas at Austin

The continuous monitoring of the e-tattoo allows for blood pressure measurements in all kinds of situations: at times of high stress, while sleeping, exercising, etc. It can deliver thousands of measurements more than any device thus far.

Mobile health monitoring has taken major leaps in recent years, primarily due to technology such as smartwatches. These devices use metallic sensors that get readings based on LED light sources shined through the skin.

However, leading smartwatches are not yet ready for blood pressure monitoring. That’s because the watches slide around on the wrist and might be far from arteries, making it hard to deliver accurate readings. And the light-based measurements can falter in people with darker skin tones and/or larger wrists.

Graphene is one of the strongest and thinnest materials in existence, and it is a key ingredient in the e-tattoo. It is similar to graphite found in pencils, but the atoms are precisely arranged into thin layers.

E-tattoos make sense as a vehicle for mobile blood pressure monitoring because they reside in a sticky, stretchy material encasing the sensors that is comfortable to wear for long periods and does not slide around.

“The sensor for the tattoo is weightless and unobtrusive. You place it there. You don’t even see it, and it doesn’t move,” Jafari said. “You need the sensor to stay in the same place because if you happen to move it around, the measurements are going to be different.”

The device takes its measurements by shooting an electrical current into the skin and then analyzing the body’s response, which is known as bioimpedance. There is a correlation between bioimpedance and changes in blood pressure that has to do with blood volume changes. However, the correlation is not particularly obvious, so the team had to create a machine learning model to analyze the connection to get accurate blood pressure readings.

In medicine, cuff-less blood pressure monitoring is the “holy grail,” Jafari said, but there isn’t a viable solution on the market yet. It’s part of a larger push in medicine to use technology to untether patients from machines while collecting more data wherever they are, allowing them to go from room to room, clinic to clinic, and still get personalized care.

“All this data can help create a digital twin to model the human body, to predict and show how it might react and respond to treatments over time,” Akinwande said.

Reference: “Continuous cuffless monitoring of arterial blood pressure via graphene bioimpedance tattoos” by Dmitry Kireev, Kaan Sel, Bassem Ibrahim, Neelotpala Kumar, Ali Akbari, Roozbeh Jafari and Deji Akinwande, 20 June 2022, Nature Nanotechnology.
DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01145-w

Team members on the project include Dmitry Kireev and Neelotpala Kumar of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at UT Austin; Kaan Sel and Bassem Ibrahim of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Texas A&M; and Ali Akbari of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Texas A&M. The research was supported by grants from the Office of Naval Research, National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health.

6 Comments on "Electronic Tattoo Offers Highly Accurate, Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring"

  1. People who take blood pressure meds usually are not allowed tattoos as the ink gets into their blood and damages their internal systems. Is this tattoo different and not require ink?

  2. Mostly Everyone has tattoos and no side effects so don’t get paranoid coke and sugar salt is worse. Also it’s not the mark of the beast either. You’ll know that mark without a doubt it won’t be a secret or deceive but willingly against you know. This technology is awesome and just the beginning of other great inventions.

  3. JACKIE R SCHRIVER III | June 30, 2022 at 8:07 am | Reply

    Don’t mark your body…..

  4. Where do I sign up

  5. Herlan lOPEZ | July 3, 2022 at 5:22 pm | Reply

    Hello , where can I purchase one of these e-tattoos to check my own bp in Naples or around it , Florida.

  6. Teresa Valentine | August 2, 2022 at 4:28 am | Reply

    Good morning. Where are the e-tattoos available? I am currently on meds and I have white coat syndrome so getting accurate readings has always been an issue.

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