Evidence Against the Hypothesis That a Comet Impact Wiped Out Prehistoric Humans

Asteroid Impact Explosion Planet Earth Artist's Impression

Research published in the journal Geophysical Monograph Series suggests that comet explosions were not responsible for the demise of the Clovis culture, a prehistoric human culture in North America, 13,000 years ago.

New research provides evidence against the hypothesis that a large comet impact or airburst caused the termination of the Clovis culture.

Comet explosions did not end the prehistoric human culture, known as Clovis, in North America 13,000 years ago, according to research published in the journal Geophysical Monograph Series.

Researchers from Royal Holloway, together with Sandia National Laboratories and 13 other universities across the United States and Europe, have found evidence that rebuts the belief that a large impact or airburst caused a significant and abrupt change to the Earth’s climate and terminated the Clovis culture. They argue that other explanations must be found for the apparent disappearance.

Prehistoric Human Stone Tool

The Clovis culture is named after the town in New Mexico, where distinct stone tools were found in the 1920s and 1930s. Credit: University of Royal Holloway London

Clovis is the name archaeologists have given to the earliest well-established human culture in the North American continent. It is named after the town in New Mexico, where distinct stone tools were found in the 1920s and 1930s.

Researchers argue that no appropriately sized impact craters from that time period have been discovered, and no shocked material or any other features of impact have been found in sediments. They also found that samples presented in support of the impact hypothesis were contaminated with modern material and that no physics model can support the theory.

“The theory has reached zombie status,” said Professor Andrew Scott from the Department of Earth Sciences at Royal Holloway. “Whenever we are able to show flaws and think it is dead, it reappears with new, equally unsatisfactory, arguments.

“Hopefully new versions of the theory will be more carefully examined before they are published.”

Reference: “Arguments and Evidence Against a Younger Dryas Impact Event” by M. Boslough, K. Nicoll, V. Holliday, T. L. Daulton, D. Meltzer, N. Pinter, A. C. Scott, T. Surovell, P. Claeys, J. Gill, F. Paquay, J. Marlon, P. Bartlein, C. Whitlock, D. Grayson and A.J.T. Jull, 1 January 2012, Geophysical Monograph Series.
DOI: 10.1029/2012GM001209

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