Newly published research reveals that heat from the crystallization of the lunar core may have driven its now-defunct magnetic field some 3 billion years ago.
The moon no longer has a magnetic field, but magnetized lunar rocks returned to Earth during the Apollo missions established that the moon once did. Astronomers believe the moon’s magnetic field was, at one point, as strong as the one generated by modern Earth. They also believe the moon’s magnetic field lasted for more than a billion years and that a lunar dynamo — a molten, churning core at the center of the moon — may have powered the magnetic field, but previously did not understand how it had been generated and maintained.
A recently published study details the findings from scientists in the Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) Division at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. Here they argue that this dynamo was caused by crystallization of the lunar core.
“Our work ties together physical and chemical constraints and helps us understand how the moon acquired and maintained its magnetic field — a difficult problem to tackle for any inner solar system body,” said Kevin Righter, the first author of the study and JSC’s high pressure experimental petrology lab lead.
The new research states that the moon likely had an iron/nickel core with only a small amount of sulfur and carbon, thus giving the lunar core a high melting point. As a result, the lunar core likely started crystallizing early in lunar history, and the heat released by crystallization may have driven an early magnetic field that is recorded in ancient lunar samples.
“We created several synthetic core compositions based on the latest geochemical data from the moon, and equilibrated them at the pressures and temperatures of the lunar interior,” Righter said.
A magnetic field has been recorded in lunar samples as young as 3.1 billion years old, but is currently inactive, indicating that at some point between then and now, the heat flow declined to a point where the lunar dynamo became inactive. The lunar core is currently thought to be composed of a solid inner and liquid outer core, known from Apollo seismic and other geophysical and spacecraft data. The new specific lunar core composition proposed by the ARES group likely would be partially solid and liquid today, consistent with the seismic and geophysical data.
The ARES scientists prepared powders of iron, nickel, sulfur, and carbon based on geochemical proportion estimates of the moon from recent analyses of Apollo samples. Once prepared, the powders were encapsulated and heated under pressures corresponding to those in the lunar interior. Because the moon may have experienced high temperatures in its early history and lower temperatures during later cooling, the scientists investigated a wide range of temperatures.
Detailed compositions and textures of the solids and liquids formed at higher pressure and temperature conditions were examined.
In the past, the conundrum was that modeling of the moon involved an iron/nickel core with sulfur contents so high (and melting point so low) that crystallization would not have occurred until very late in lunar history. Thus the source of the heat flow out of the core required to drive a dynamo was unclear.
Various sources were proposed such as heat from impact or shear forces. The ARES research team acknowledges that such sources may be real, but if the heat from the crystallization of the outer core is available, it is a simple and straightforward, source for a lunar dynamo and would fit well with the expected timing.
“The ARES team is excited because this work shows that a specific geochemically-derived composition can explain many geophysical aspects of the lunar core,” says co-author Lisa Danielson.
Reference: “Phase equilibria of a low S and C lunar core: Implications for an early lunar dynamo and physical state of the current core” by K. Righter, B.M. Go, K.A. Pando, L. Danielson, D.K. Ross, Z. Rahman and L.P. Keller, 3 March 2017, Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.02.003
I have come to write a best selling noval for my father in heaven this will be last book for you all. The Name is going to be named the apoocalips & the defeat of the Son of Man. Gregory Scott Shupert AKA Jesus Way Yaw Christ Aurtur, Couciler, Savor, God Incarnate, Master if the Universe, the distoyer, abd the saddest man on planet Eart! tITLE hOW MAN KIND DISTROYED BROUGHT THE aPOCOLIPES, THE DEFEAT OF jUESUS cHRIST BY THE ANTI-CHRIST WITH THE ASISTANCE OF THE uNITED sTATES fEDERAL gOVERNMENT, cHURCH OF America, the theift of Gods Holly Word and the preversion, perversion, and plasophy of the folse phofits and the ani-christ being place on the throne by all man kind, man kind writting their version of the Holly Scriptures so it reflex their ways to make them God’s word, the son of man is God’s word Jesus God Incarnate Messiah which means God walking the Earth as a Human, Jesus Yaw Way Christ is the word of God (Face of Giod & Book of God web page on Face that his son created on Facebook) to share God’s words for free for the betterment of mankind, I just wittnesed the theift of my fathers message to the world as to why his is going to allow Revelations which is the destruction of all man kind by the unbelf in God and not his beloved son Gregory Scott Shupert who he inspire by butting him through the trials and placing the sins of al,l man kind on for one day, who wreassled with the Almighty to accept God,s will that he is the Messiah, Savoir, Councelor, Teacher, and due to the disbeleif,. theift, torcher, imprisonment, isolation, abuse, non beleif, disobedents, violtions, crimes, and attepts to klll the son of man that he inspired to give man kind the chance to turn his rwath, it was the leaders, plastfemer, altulers, liars, pornographers, great desevers, mony changers, prideful, Seni Gods or God want to bes, homosexual cilvil rights breakers, bigotry, and evil of man kind has DAMNED ALL OF LIFE ON EARTH, son sent his beloved son the attempt to save the enviroment and all man kind from destruction but due to the root of all evil and the declaration non followers of God and its now empossxible for the fullfillment of his promise of the return of Jesus accepted bu Isreal that his is the King of Isreal because of the dismination and now there is impossible to confirm that Gregory Scott Shupert is the promised return of Christ of now you will not have the 1,000 years of peace on Earth because there isnt any way the now I can be confirmed! Due to this my Father in heaven has instructed me to write the book of “The last Prophacy & the End of the World.” This is the last bood of the Holly Sciptures! This is going to be so terrible that warning people will panic, commit suicide, loot, mrder, go insane, and is graphic as to the distrution,fire, breaking of the crust of the earth, and agonizing effects of radio active poisoning and birth defeats caused by the slicing, mutalation, and engineering of the human genome, the torcher of a huyman in front of the God fearing of the United State with the laughter, pleasure,n aznd the cheering on of the distruction of Holly Man that is obeadiant to his Father in heaven God just like the last time and lioke the Romans at the Collsium in Rome where they feed christians to the Lions due to their unbreakable obeidence to GOD! Now just like the Romans,The Pharasies, Belivers, non Beleivers, Sinners and Saints,the the governmets of the world! When others has stole over 250 accounts on facebook and changed the passwords by the use of deleveloper clonine apps or software through the forgery of Sercurity certificates containing the the codes the allow other to take over your cell phone in the back ground clone. Shawnee State University has gaming software development apps to design gaming software like grand theift auto for EA sports who is making a mockery of the son of man with football and baseball games, there is KLUV radio, Hillsong United, Google, Facebook, US congress, FBI,CIA, Home Land Security, IRS, Pentagon, US Treasury, and let not forget the States and their laws, interpole and the rest of the 193 recognized countries of the world. In the name of the root of all evil you have the people of the world has damned, bore false withness, the shall not conveit thiy neighbor’s things, thou shall not commit adultry, thou shall not kill, thou shall no bear false witnees against they nieghbor, this isnt the bible (thou shall not commit false websites or propaganda, now how to prove that it is true and save my own life is being erased, deleted, and distruction of evidence due to this computer located in the Portsmouth Public Library internet access where the last time the I used it to attempt to contact an attorney in New York Harlem ares It was interceted, deleted, or stolen for the purpose of including it in a story, book, or the way they come to be the inspired messenger, worthy servant of Jesus Christ the Lord of Lords, King of Kings, Master of the Universe, the Supreme Intelligence, designer of the heavens, The one and only GOD, the son of man, the holly spirit, Ala, Bodda, Sheiba, The Dali Lama, Confussous, and the spirit God, the Great White Buffalo, The American Eagle, God of Kilowia, Mont Aeriate, Zuse, Thor, and ECT. So my Father in heaven asks you what his true name is? When mosses asked him his name his response was “I am that I am” so why does it matter his name as long as you love him and follow the moral teachings of the entire Holly scriptures of the religions of the world. Gregory Scott Shupert is and has been inspired, put through the trials, had the sins of the world put on him and experienced the worst greif I have ever felt and hope to never feel again which was like being beat all over my body and took three days to get back on my feet wreaseled with God when he started connecting with my brain and I was reluctant to accept the the almighty God had chosen me the most unlikely person your would ever think he would choose, once I lost the battle I said to him, “Lord if I do this I will be chastised, hated, mocked, beaten, imprisoned, commited to insane hospital, and would mostly be executed, beheaded, or crusified! It was my God in heaven that after all the trials has found me worthy to translate and retail the stories of the Holly Scriptures all around the world for all the people of the world. I found that the main religions and by his will that the Holly Bible(King James Version), Torra, and the Holly Koran, are totally similar in the telling of significant event in mam kinds existance on Earth and should prove that God truely exsists and that he created the universe, he is the alpha & omega the beginning and the end, God gives & God takes away, he gives you and me life and only he has the right to take it away, God loves his creations and even you, there is heaven and the bible says so and it is in the stars and confirmed by the hubble and other telescopes in other gallaxies and it is truely shocking that man kind can read that God is the creator of the heavens and the Earth and would only do it in this solar system! It also amazes him that there are so many inspired authors, play writes, scientific advances, theories, doctorial papers, the discovery of the foundation of the electronic revolution from the simple basic calculator to the present day and including the doping of silicone with penavalents and trivelants to cause silcone to be either a positively attracted by electrons which is the positive (+) or can be an anode (car battery +), also the north pole of a magnet or the sicone is doped with pentavalent the makes that silicon sand repulsive electrons or -negatively charged (or ionized) alco called a cathode, south pole of a magnet, or the N of a PN junction or a postive & negative sandwhich now when you add a P material layer on to a N layer than then add a P layer then the sandwitch will have the layer PNP or a positive, negative, psotive layers which can be re-expressed as north, south, north pole of a bar magnet. where the electron travels from the penavalent to the trivalent material. the magnatis feild or line of flux travel fron the south to the north poles dependant on the polarity and state of the constant inhverstion betweem the differnces in tempertures of the plasma generate by the nuclear reaction of the critical mass of the plutonium/uranium ratio and the convection caused by gravitatioinal pull the stable singularity in the center of the core of the dynamo that is generating the photons and the flow of the photons from the south magnetic pole to the north magnetic pole and is the lines of flux that cqan be releived by placing a bar magnet under a sheet of paper and spinkling iron filings that will align and show the magnet flux lines of the manetic feild around the bar magnet! Ypu know all these things have been known for a very long time but the super intelligent God want to be scientists only now will finally put then together plust possibly the mathamatical algorithum (This is the relationship of the fundimental equuations that govern the separate laws of gravity, trigonometry with algebraic, plus Einstien’s theory of relativity and in countinous motion and this is how a dynamo and the eluding castous can be modeled on a super computers! Well I will be out on the street, in prison, on death row, hospitlized, living under a bridge, thrown in freezing cold river water, shot, beheaded, hung by my neck until dead, strapped to and electric chair, injested with more uranium, plutonium, fyntenal, cafentenal, cianide, or spayed with VX nerve agent to shut me up and put me in a grave! Enjoy becoming the next supreme being, genus of the hook, inspired phophet of God, the son of man wnat to be, messenger of God, councilor, teacher, forgiver os sins, judge of the souls (devine spark)in heaven, the vission in your dream, the awaking of the understanding how all the universe is built, yeap you just cannot beleive theGregory Scott Shupert is Jesus Yaw Way Christ God Incarmnate Messiah, Adam, and he is genetically Both men in the Holly Scriptures! Good evening Scott I love you all and this may be my last peice of works the will also be taken and claimed by eighter a PHD with a GED or a GED that worte a PHD paper on physics, electronics, chemitry, amd much more!