Vitamin D Supplements Linked to Decreased Diabetes Risk for Adults With Prediabetes

Vitamin D supplementation may lower diabetes risk for the more than 10 million adults with prediabetes.

A review of clinical trials has found that higher vitamin D intake was associated with a 15 percent decreased likelihood for developing type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes. The review was published on February 7, 2023, in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin available in or added to some foods, as a supplement, or produced by the body when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin. Vitamin D has many functions in the body, including a role in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. Observational studies have found an association between having a low level of vitamin D in the blood and high risk for developing diabetes.

Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

Researchers from Tufts Medical Center conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of three clinical trials comparing vitamin D supplement impacts on diabetes risk. The authors found that over a three-year follow-up period, new-onset diabetes occurred in 22.7 percent of adults who received vitamin D and 25 percent of those who received placebo, which is a 15 percent relative reduction in risk. According to the authors, extrapolating their findings to the more than 374 million adults worldwide who have prediabetes suggests that inexpensive vitamin D supplementation could delay the development of diabetes in more than 10 million people.

In an accompanying editorial, authors from University College Dublin and Food Safety Authority of Ireland, highlight that previous data have demonstrated significant adverse effects for high vitamin D intake. They argue that professional societies promoting vitamin D therapy have an obligation to warn physicians about both required vitamin D intake and safe limits. They advise that this very-high-dose vitamin D therapy might prevent type 2 diabetes in some patients but may also cause harm.

References:

“Vitamin D and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in People With Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data From 3 Randomized Clinical Trials” by Anastassios G. Pittas, MD, MS; Tetsuya Kawahara, MD, PhD; Rolf Jorde, MD, PhD; Bess Dawson-Hughes, MD; Ellen M. Vickery, MS; Edith Angellotti, MD; Jason Nelson, MPH; Thomas A. Trikalinos, MD and Ethan M. Balk, MD, MPH, 7 February 2023, Annals of Internal Medicine.
DOI: 10.7326/M22-3018

“Preventing Type 2 Diabetes With Vitamin D: Therapy Versus Supplementation” by Malachi J. McKenna, MD and Mary A.T. Flynn, PhD, RD, 7 February 2023, Annals of Internal Medicine.
DOI: 10.7326/M23-0220

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