Vitamin D Supplementation May Reduce Childhood Depression, Anxiety, and Psychiatric Symptoms

A study by Finnish researchers suggests that a higher than recommended daily dose of vitamin D3 supplementation during the early years of life may reduce the risk of psychiatric symptoms in later childhood.

Early childhood intake of a higher than recommended dose of vitamin D3 may reduce psychiatric symptoms in later childhood, according to a Finnish study. Children receiving triple the standard dose of vitamin D displayed fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and withdrawn behavior than those on the standard dose. The study cautions that more research is needed to confirm these findings.

It is estimated that every eighth child suffers from a mental health disorder. Several predictors of children’s mental problems have been identified, but much remains uncharted. Previous research suggests that low vitamin D levels in early childhood may be one factor increasing the risk of mental health problems in later life. A recent Finnish study presents new information on the association between vitamin D intake and mental health.

A new study by a team of Finnish researchers has investigated whether a daily vitamin D3 supplement higher than the recommended dose in early childhood reduces the risk of psychiatric symptoms at school age.

The study is part of the Vitamin D Intervention in Infants (VIDI) clinical trial, which investigates how early vitamin D3 intervention affects children’s growth and development. In the research, children were randomized as two groups, one receiving the daily standard dose of 10 micrograms (400 international units) and the other triple the amount – 30 µg (1200 IU) – of vitamin D. The children received the supplementation daily from two weeks to two years of age.

The children were followed up and the latest monitoring point occurred when they were 6- to 8-year-olds. In the latest follow-up phase, the parents of 346 children assessed their child’s psychiatric symptoms using a questionnaire.

The study found that daily vitamin D3 supplementation above the standard dose reduced the risk of internalizing problems at school age. In other words, children who received the higher dose had less parent-reported depressed mood, anxiety, and withdrawn behavior than children who received the standard dose.

Psychiatric symptoms as reported by the parents

According to the research results, parents reported clinically significant internalizing problems in 11.8% of the children who had received the standard dose of daily vitamin D supplement of 10 µg until the age of two years. Of the children who received the triple vitamin D supplement, 5.6% were reported to have similar problems.

“Our results suggest that a higher dose of vitamin D3 supplementation during the first years of life may reduce the risk of internalizing psychiatric symptoms in late preschool and early school age,” says Samuel Sandboge, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Tampere University.

“The results and their potential implications are interesting, but further research is needed to confirm the results. In the interpretation of the results, we must note, among other things, that we studied the psychiatric symptoms only as parent-reported. Furthermore, the participants of the study were children with Nordic ancestry living in Finland who had good levels of vitamin D,” Sandboge emphasizes.

The researchers did not detect differences in externalizing problems, such as aggressive behavior and rule breaking. Moreover, no differences between the overall extent of psychiatric symptoms were found in the children.

The study was carried out in a collaboration of researchers from Tampere University, Helsinki University Hospital, the University of Helsinki and the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). Tampere University’s contribution was carried out in the research group of Kati Heinonen, associate professor of developmental psychology at the Faculty of Social Sciences. Samuel Sandboge is a physician specialized in general medicine and rheumatology and a Doctor of Medicine.

The results of the study were published in the scientific journal JAMA Network Open.

Reference: “Effect of Vitamin D₃ Supplementation in the First 2 Years of Life on Psychiatric Symptoms at Ages 6 to 8 Years” by Samuel Sandboge, MD, PhD; Katri Räikkönen, PhD; Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, PhD; Helena Hauta-alus, PhD; Elisa Holmlund-Suila, MD, PhD; Polina Girchenko, PhD; Eero Kajantie, MD, PhD; Outi Mäkitie, MD, PhD; Sture Andersson, MD, PhD and Kati Heinonen, PhD, 19 May 2023, JAMA Network Open.
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14319