Researchers uncovered blood vessels in Scotty, the largest T. rex fossil. High-powered x-rays revealed mineralized tissues that deepen our understanding of dinosaur biology.
Although much of modern paleontology is devoted to searching for organic traces in fossils, no sample of dinosaur DNA has ever been recovered.
Most of what scientists know about dinosaurs comes from their bones and teeth preserved in the rock record. While these hard tissues are invaluable, they offer only limited insight into the biology and appearance of the animals themselves.
By contrast, soft tissues are exceedingly rare in fossils but can provide a much richer and more detailed picture of ancient life. Examples include preserved muscles, ligaments, pigments, or even skin impressions such as scales or feathers, which reveal information about how dinosaurs lived and what they looked like.
Another interesting soft tissue that can be found in bones are blood vessels. My research team and I discovered blood vessels preserved in a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, and our findings were recently published in Scientific Reports.
As an undergraduate physics student at the University of Regina, I joined a research team using particle accelerators to study fossils. There, I first discovered blood vessels in a bone from a T. rex using advanced 3D models. It’s been nearly six years since that moment; I am now working on my PhD where I use my background in physics to advance analysis techniques in fossil research.
An extraordinary specimen
The preserved vessels came from an exceptional T. rex specimen nicknamed Scotty. Housed in the Royal Saskatchewan Museum in Canada, Scotty is the largest T. rex ever discovered and remains one of the most complete skeletons of the species.
Evidence from the bones suggests Scotty lived a rough life 66 million years ago, with many injuries that may have resulted from combat with another dinosaur or from illness. One rib in particular displayed a large fracture that had partially healed before the animal’s death.
In general, after bones experience a traumatic event like a fracture, there is a huge increase in the activity of blood vessels in the affected area as part of the healing process. We believe this is what was found in Scotty’s rib: an extensive network of mineralized vessels that we were able to examine using reconstructed 3D models.
Revolutionizing paleontology research
When analyzing fossil bones, there are two main challenges. The first is how to examine the interior of the bones without damaging the fossil. And second, the bones are very large and can be quite dense due to the fossilization process, where minerals replace and fill in original organic materials.
At first, we thought we could perform an computed topography (CT) scan of the bone, similar to what is used for medical purposes, which allows imaging of bones without damaging them. While this solves the first problem, the second problem means that a conventional medical CT machine is not nearly powerful enough to penetrate the dense bone.
For our examination, we used synchrotron light, special high-intensity x-rays. These are produced at select particle accelerator labs, and allow us to investigate microstructures such as blood vessels in the bone with ease.
Synchrotron x-rays can also be useful for chemical analysis. We found the vessels were preserved as iron-rich mineralized casts, a common form of fossilization, but in two distinct layers. This layering is due to the complicated environmental history that led to the exceptional preservation seen in Scotty’s rib.
Written in blood vessels
By analyzing blood vessels produced by an incompletely healed fracture, we can hopefully learn how T. rex healed, helping speculation on how Scotty was able to survive after sustaining injuries. This could lead to evolutionary information comparing the vessel structures seen in Scotty to other dinosaur species, as well as modern relatives to dinosaurs like birds.
The results may also help future fossil exploration by guiding scientists to target bones that show signs of injury or disease, potentially increasing the chances of discovering more vessels or other types of preserved soft tissues.
With cross-disciplinary research and novel applications of advanced technologies, there is so much potential to recreate the past lives of dinosaurs like never before.
Reference: “In situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured Tyrannosaurus rex rib” by Jerit L. Mitchell, Mauricio Barbi, Ryan C. McKellar, Monica Cliveti and Ian M. Coulson, 4 July 2025, Scientific Reports.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-06981-z
Adapted from an article originally published in The Conversation.
Jerit Leo Mitchell receives funding from Mitacs Accelerate and the Sylvia Fedoruk Centre for Nuclear Innovation.
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91 Comments
The cover photo for this article is terribly fake and a poor representation of paleontology.
What about the dna they are getting out of the permafrost!!!!!
Those aren’t dinosaurs or fossils.
Glad that we have a theory on how feathers evolved. They simply did. See how the hairs on the stem intetwine like a beautiful ziplock and how birds bomes are of the lightest structures. How the stem of the feather along with the hairs that ziplock just form in a feather follickle and grow. Glad it is pure coincidence and that perfect self replication which was needed for evolution to be possible was instantly achieved by the holy messiah the comet. Otherwise i would be accountable for my sins. Now i get to fornicate and seek myself while trampling over and using everyone and be a total narcissist and get away with it…. pfeeeew imagine if i had to worry about a mighty god in the end. Thank darwin and my own self chosen ignorance i dont have to worry about all that. The rest we will see after death… at least i had a few years of dellight in empty pleasures which drained my soul from every real joy.
Science supercedes all the concocted religious BS… Universe 6,000 yrs old, humans cavorting with T Rex, Brontosaurus etc. ABSOLUTE GARBAGE. LISTEN TO THE SCIENTISTS NOT THE CREATIONIST NUTCAKES. ! JR
Your just mean
Science is not mean it is the most powerful thing to have happened to mankind.
Title does not match the body of this article… Just a bit sensationalized..
I don’t think creation and evolution are mutually exclusive. Evolution tells us HOW God created the animals. We don’t know how long a day, month, year are in God’s world, before people created a calendar. Before people existed, there was no one to track time. We don’t know if the earth’s rotation or revolutions were similar or different. We do know the poles move from time to time., every 400, O00 years or so. This is a Laschamp event. Magnetic field distorted, weakened. This field protects us from deadly Solar radiation. This event probably had more to do with mass extinctions in the past, like dinosaurs, mega fauna, plants, Neanderthals, etc. than any meteor or asteroid hitting the earth. By the way, we are overdue one and poles are moving faster every year now. At one time, it is believed both poles were at the equator.
OMG I literally tell people this all the time!!! I don’t know how people just don’t see it! Plus they say creation only took 7 days, but the Bible also says a day for God is like forever for us. Even the order of the creation story matches evolution! I am soooooo happy I’m not the only one that sees this!
Let me ask you this. If this God created everything, why didn’t God create something a whole lot less violent and disturbing? You don’t think so? If I were God, I certainly wouldn’t create a planet where one creature violently murders another creature, and then consumes it, later on shitting out the remains where other creatures benefit from the refuge of another. It’s beautiful granted, but is all the absolute violence really necessary? God? I asked You a question Sir.
I agreed, Well said Mr Cummings…
I agreed Mr. Cummings…
Wait are you saying that dinosaurs were just violent blood monsters and beasts, these were just animals from the past they hunted for food not blood. We also found out that yes they had live other than eating and hunting, they had families but clearly you wouldn’t care. But rude for “gods greatest creation”
Wait are you saying that dinosaurs were just violent blood monsters and beasts, these were just animals from the past they hunted for food not blood. We also found out that yes they had live other than eating and hunting, they had families but clearly you wouldn’t care. But rude for “gods greatest creation”…
Wait are you saying that dinosaurs were just violent blood monsters and beasts, these were just animals from the past they hunted for food not blood. We also found out that yes they had live other than eating and hunting, they had families but clearly you wouldn’t care. But rude for “gods greatest creation”… seriously c’mon
That is a good question. I believe that God created beast and plant to be tame and peaceful in the Garden of Eden. But when disobedience happened, all living creatures had to “fend for themselves.” Man and beast were forced to work hard in order to survive. That’s what I believe happened. Which also allows evolution to be a large piece of the puzzle. Survival of the fittest. Every living thing evolves so that they will survive. So I don’t believe God created violent animals, the mistakes and consequences of surviving life did.
God did not create violence, he created being capable of thinking and living in harmony with other creatures in a perfect setting. There are rules that govern in a perfect place, we can choose to follow those rules or not. But we must also take the consequences of our choices. Beats me why people think they can do whatever they want, and not assume responsibility, and then blame God who told us to love one another. Thats exactly what Satan wants, for us to distrust and hate God.
But, fear not, this violent world is almost over and done with. Get to know the God of the Bible and see what great plans he has for you and me. He is awesome!
WOW GOOD THING PEOPLE KNOW EVERYTHING AND THEY EXPLAINED HOW THEY ARE RIGHT WHEN CLEARLY THE ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM SAYS MAAYBE SOMETHING DOESNT ADD UP IF PEOPLE USE THIER HEADS
You forgot the part about a perfect non-violent creation at the start.
I agree with you, yet we will still be ridiculed for believing in science while being religious. Why can’t people believe in both? If they choose not to believe, it’s their eternity.
Amen. I believe that way too.
I agree!
You obviously have psychological issues. Why are you so worried about what Christians say. Nothing is wrong if you find out you were wrong and went to hell. You can take it, burning 🔥 in fire while demons laugh is not a problem for someone as strong as you. Cheer up good chap.
I’ll be praying for you.
6000 years? What scripture are you quoting?
Trust the Science!-Fossi
The earth was destroyed then recreated. Gen 1:1 the initial creation, angel Lucifer the King of Tyre fell and earth destroyed, Gen 1:2 recreated- was tohu and bohu without form and void of life and light.
As we have seen throughout the last fifty years or so scientists are for sale. Their pronouncements are based on the source of the political biases of the grantor. Science can never be a consensus. No. Make a hypothesis and present studies to prove or disprove. Based on findings make a new hypothesis and create new studies. Very straight forward. Science can never be settled. Keep minds open. That’s been lost. Therefore all credibility is lost.
Science lags way behind the Bible. Can not superceed it in any way. Scientists are still searching because they have theories but no proof. The theories keep changing with each find/discovery. They create models but don’t necessarily want to know truth. The Bible has been proved right in so many areas, medecine, archeology, physics… Plus the billions of testimonies of people’s experiences with the living , creator God. Why ignore such evidence?
Blood vessels surviving 60 million years is fantasy.
Congrats on writing the most ignorant and ridiculous thing I’ve read all weekend. I’m just sad you people procreate.
Trust the Science!-Fossi
What do you care? You’re just a monkey!
How do you know that god said these things? You haven’t heard god yourself. You got it from the Bible – a book that is so ignorant that it is riddled with contradictions.
And then you hear it every week from your pastor who needs your money. Your gullibility is off the scales.
At least you have named yourself appropriately.
So right !
Were you high on something when you made that comment? Plenty of information on the internet explaing the so-called “contradictions”.
You know the evolutionists are losing when they resort to nothing but insults. Blessings to you!
The good Lord works in mysterious ways; but as you say “Thank darwin and my own self chosen ignorance …”
Some of us do not have to have a boogie man to do the the right thing. We have evolved past believing in false tales.
Ah, further confirmation of my statement. Thank you!
Worry will make you crazy. That’s a waste of your life.
Why are you even visiting a site about science? If your only basis for morality is the threat of divine punishment, you’re a piece of garbage. Feathers did not appear suddenly, fully formed. Fossil, genetic, and developmental evidence show a step-by-step pathway from simple skin outgrowths to complex flight feathers. That you think evolution happens via “pure coincidence and perfect replication” shows just how ignorant you are. The way you people wear stupidity like a badge of honor is so bizarre.
Oh, God! Thank you for this genius, Probably He who made my day! Hey, stupid genius. Thank you!
Real joy, a deep sense of wonder and place, is also something that simply evolved, I hope you get to feel it at times.
Funny how different artists depict T-Tex with feathers and others with scales. Some depict it swimming, some running, etc. some in small packs, sometimes as cooperative couples, other times as loners. That poor T-Rex has more identities than a woke person.
Well said…
To bad that you don’t believe in the real God of heaven . Whom created you and me. You guys without him they’re really truly would be nothing but pure chaos. He has held us together like a family , for countless ages. It is his love that has driven us forward all these years. Out of the dark ages and into the light he has drove us and set us free. So those of you that deny him should be ashamed of yourself s. Because to make him weep is a terrible disservice to the god of heaven. No I have no right to demand that you give him his due but I wish I did. If you did to your own free will to choose what you must good luck with the choice you choose. Your life depends on it that’s all I really have to say good luck God bless you.
Stupid, you sad, ignorant child. What is this thing about fornicating with you guys? Sounds like projection to me. What is it you feel so guilty about?? We know you bible thumpers have a thing for little boys….
So you believe in evolution?
How about
They were created dude ! (Or sis)
The numbers just don’t add up. 65 million years!!!. Waiting for scientist to say they ( dinosaurs)existed before GOD because that’s where they’re leading us. No vein would last that long no matter what the environment. Scientist are carbon dating the enviro ment surrounding the bones which could be billions of years old but not the animal that got stuck there and were buried. Glad i graduated 12th grade and did’nt go any futher🤓
If you believe in GOD then this entity was around since the creation of the solar systems. The Bible was created by “man” to be a directive from a higher power. Thus why it does not include many things such as dinosaurs.. yet we know they existed prior to the birth of Christ.
Also plate tectonics is a thing.. not included in the Bible, which clearly explains the shift in the earth’s crust and core that are made of individual plates. This can cause volcanic eruptions which in a super dummy’d down term… “cover” the earth with a “new” dirt/ash/rock and hiding or crushing things such as dinosaur bones/remains. This is basic science and unfortunately people think it’s looney tunes these days because they are heavily uneducated.
Or, Bible could have at least included the role of germs in diseases. That itself could have saved millions of lives.
It did. Read Leviticus and think how people would deal with microorganisms and blood borne pathogens when those words didn’t exist. Most of that book of the Bible is a treatise on how to keep from wiping out a village due to some illness or another. Think of the “sins” as “uncleanliness” rather than an affront to a higher power.
Very little science truly contradicts the Bible, unless you look at both the Bible and the science from a place of ignorance.
Good grief! You sure know how to streach and convolute what is in the Bible to fit the narrative you want to prove! LOL!
God, knowing all about the microorganisms He/She created, would surely have added a commandment saying “don’t dig the privy near the well”.
keep from wiping out a village due to
My recollection of Sunday School and Primary School teachings was that some folk were encouraged by god to wipe out the villages of other folk worshipping a different god. Hence the Jewish ” Biblical right” as anunciated by PM Netanyahu to exterminate Palestinian Arabs so as to gain lebensaum.
You know the evolutionists are losing when they resort to nothing but insults. Blessings to you!
Story of bable tells of the land masses separating. How did people who live 10000 years ago know?
“No vein would last that long no matter what the environment”
It is striking that people who know the least about things are so confident in their knowledge.
Cindy here, didnt go beyond 12th grade, but apparently she seems to know a lot about
how long veins from a 66 million year fossil would survive.
Cindy: try to learn! There are lots of things you don’t know about.
You know the evolutionists are losing when they resort to nothing but insults. Blessings to you!
I believe in a far greater Intelligence than human mind. I believe in a great Creator. I am surrounded by more miracles than can be numbered just on my small acreage near a stream. I believe that the Bible does tell us the truth. I believe Jesus of Nazareth is God in human form. Isaiah 53. Psalm 139. Acts 1. 2 Peter 1:16. Psalm 139. 1 and 2 John. Revelation 1-22.
You knows really crazy is how much EVIDENCE we have that dinosaurs existed, yet the only EVIDENCE that jesus christ ever existed is one book that happens to be about as biased towards christianity that Trump is to poor minorities. There’s no direct physical evidence, although I can understand thats challenging for any early human civilization when talking about recovering DNA and being able to identify it. But there’s no circumstantial evidence either, other than a biased book, which seems to tell the story of Horus, a demigod the Egyptians believed in around 4000 BC, since the story of Horus is practically identical to the story of Jesus and in today’s terms would be classifeed as a plageterism, through and through. I mean, horus only was born of an immaculate conception between Ra, the god of the Sun and the Heavens and a human woman, he was only ordained as a priest at 30, had 12 disciples that followed him and one that betrayed him, and he was caught and crucified on a giant cross and upon his death was buried in a nearby cave only to rise up from the dead 3 days later to ascend to his father’s kingdom in the heavens. And all that happened in 4000 BC (Before Christ) and luckily, ancient Egyptians hammered this into stone, so we have evidence all over Egypt and Libya and Sudan, etched in stone forever. That story of horus sounds strinkingly similar, huh? And seeing how over 3 dozen independent historians, all unbiased, thst lived in the time frame around Jesus birth to death never once mentioned a single thing about a man who could perform miracles, turning water into wine, making bread and 3 fish feed thousands of people, walking on water. None of those insanely crazy things that surely would have been mentioned by unbiased historians were ever talked s out or written down. Only 2 historians from that 100 year period of 1 AD to 100 AD that ever mention Jesus, both are 3rd party accounts, one is by a brother of a woman soldier to an upperclassmen Roman socialite, and it doesnt menrion Jesus by name, only mentioning that a new movement called Christianity was sweeping across the countrys7dr of the Roman territories, shd that letter was written some 40 years after Jesus supposedly had died. The other one mentioned him in a historical text after interviewing a man who was old and dying and that man recounted a story he had heard from another man that had long since died but was young around the time of Jesus’s supposed life. So its a 3rd party recount of another’s 3rd party story. Both of these men were b9rn well after Jesus supposedly died, but they are unbiased accounts. Snd thsts it. There’s literally no evidence thst God or Jesus is real, same as extraterrestrial lifeforms or ghosts. Faith is another word for unwillingly ignorant. You choose to believe something cuz your socially pressured to do so from a young age and then conditioned to never question that almost infinite paradise that religion creates. Science isn’t a belief, science is just the search for answers using nonstop testing of tangible, real.eorld properties that provide conclusive evidence, and should science ever be wrong, its discovered rather quickly because of the nonstop testing that’s done and whatever changes, almost always very slight changes,are introduced ajd then continued testing begins anew. Religion tries to answer life’s questions based on an ancient belief system thst is rooted in magic and myths and fairy tales, and its entire purpose is to oppress and control the population and invade and enslave other, non believing populations.
Yeah!!
It’s strangely entertaining to read the comments section of almost any article these days. No matter the topic, the conversation inevitably devolves into rude insults hurled at strangers—everyone seems to be carrying so much pent-up rage.
Whatever happened to being kind? What became of the old adage, “If you don’t have something nice to say, don’t say anything at all”?
Why are people so uptight and angry? Honestly, everyone should disengage from social media—or at least from commenting—until they can do so in a way that would make their parents proud, or serve as a model for how they’d want their kids, or anyone else, to behave.
You can have your opinion and keep it to yourself. There’s no need to be mean or raise your blood pressure over nothing. And if someone is clearly trolling, why give them attention by responding to their childish remark?
It’s exhausting to see adults behaving like spoiled children—desperate to be right and to have the last word. Are we really this childish in 2025?
If so, do yourself and your loved ones a favor: stop. Right now, there are people who want to spend time with you—parents, children, friends, colleagues. Do something meaningful. Pick up the phone and call one of them. Write a letter. Go outside and spend time alone. Volunteer. There are so many ways to find peace within yourself.
Yet we choose to write snarky comments and throw insults at strangers.
Trust me—someone who loves you would rather you not waste your time here, like I am right now. Because guess what? They might not be reachable tomorrow. And whether you believe in God or heaven or not, it doesn’t change the fact that when someone you love dies, you don’t get to speak to them again or hear their voice reply.
So go ahead—keep writing insults and proving nothing to nobody. Or stop. Reach out to someone you love and talk to them. If you don’t, and they die, you’ll live with that regret.
It’s up to you.
Good luck. Make the right choice.
Ciao.
You’re very full of yourself..Lol..
You probably believe science is the answer to everything..
Your shocking arrogance is extremely hilarious.. God Bless You…
Why is looking at evidence a sign of “shocking arrogance”?
Why isn’t your unreasoned condemnation of a person a sign of arrogance?
The more educated you get, the less you believe in a God. Their is a human need to understand why we exist, and what happens when we die, so people either believe in something like a Sun God, or someone comes along and realises that people are easily manipulated by creating a God with their rules. This is ok when you have a benevolent and kind God, but the leaders in this world don’t like it that way and want to control and turn people to whatever they want to achieve, usually wealth and power.
It is a wonder how we were created and evolved, and pressing a switch to create light or heat is magic to the ignorant. The thought that every living thing has a life after death creates an infinite universe of dead people, insects and plants that multiply exponentially through time. I look forward to finding out when I die, but until then, I will just lead a good life, just in case.😇
A crucial difference, with Jesus having a virgin birth with a human mother and Horus was born by gods.
While Horus may have performed some supernatural feats, he did not perform the specific miracles attributed to Jesus, such as walking on water or raising the dead. Additionally Jesus specifically had 12 deciples while Horus
Horus was not crucified, while Jesus’s crucifixion and resurrection are central to his story.
True. Not much is verifying the existence of Jesus. Historically, the Roman empire kept meticulous records of uprisings and fantastic events, rebellions, even births and deaths of their subjects. Jesus remains a unknown to their records. Even Herod’s killing of firstborn babies was a myth. Not in the records. From this standpoint, it looks like Christianity was a Pauline religion: invented in a hallucination as a magical, devine entity, whose story on Earth was largely unknown. The Church took over the story through selected texts, not necessarily truthful ones. Destroyed or burned others.
And the Germans still say that extermination camps didn’t exsist
This is 2025, not 1945, you d***a**.
Are you really that stupid? Have you ever been to Germany? They absolutely do acknowledge the extermination camps. They may not like to talk about them, but they will not deny they existed. How are some many people so stupid. This simple fact can be verified just by talking to a German person. Unlike dinosaurs… they still exist. Unlike God they can be proven and will actually talk to you.
Dear “Educate yourselves”, I’m not sure where you enlightened yourself with the ancient Egyptian story of Horus, but literally everything you said about his life and “death” are totally wrong.
Horus was not born from an immaculate conception between Ra and a human, but from 2 gods, Isis and Osiris. He was never ordained as a priest, as he was a god. He never had 12 disciples, but had all of Egypt, look upon him as the god of War, Kings, and the earth and sky. Pharoah’s were his earthly image. He was never crucified, and never arose after 3 day’s. His job was to protect Egypt from invaders, and to keep the rule of law. He battled with Seth, his uncle, and his eye was torn out, then later restored. This became the all seeing eye, and the eye of protection.
There are literally no similarities, between the story of Horus, and Jesus.
First, the bible isn’t one book. It’s a compilation of many different books by different authors.
As a Christian, your account of Horus does sound a lot like Christ. I strongly doubt it would sound very much like Horus to someone with a degree in Egyptology though.
That being said, the fact that there are common themes in the religions of the world, (e.g. the great flood story) is not necessarily evidence of plagiarism and falsehood, but of distant memories of concepts that everyone once held but which diverged over time like language itself does.
Within the bible itself, there are striking similarities between Christ and figures from the Old Testament. There was a prophetic element as it were, in how the lives of the patriarchs and prophets played out. There are similarities between King David’s betrayal by Absalom and Jesus’ betrayal by Judas, Between Job’s sufferings and experiencing false accusations from three acquaintances and between Christ’s passion and his condemnation by three unjust judges, between Jonas spending three days in the belly of a fish and between Jesus spending three days in a tomb, between Joseph’s being sold in Egypt and then saving his family from starvation and Christ’s flight into Egypt and then saving humanity from sin.
The spread of Christianity was greatly aided by vague knowledge of a future redeemer even among non-Jewish peoples. The belief in the future return of the virgin born Quetzalcōātl who opposed human sacrifice aided the Spanish in spreading Christianity among the Mexicans. The Gaulish druids were said to have had a statue dedicated to “the virgin who would give birth” at the site where Chartres Cathedral stands now. The Irish druids seem to have taken a fatalistic view towards St Patrick as a result of their own prophecies.
The idea that religion only exists to oppress and control the population really doesn’t hold weight in the Christian experience. Nothing makes the peasants more uppity than telling them they have an immortal soul loved by God and commanded by Him to practice virtue and avoid vice. Look up the history of Thomas Becket, Thomas More, Charles Lwanga, John of Nepomuk and thousands of others who resisted governing tyrants of their day because of their beliefs. The very concept of human rights is rooted in the existence of God, that no man has the right to take away what God has bestowed on us. Totalitarian societies and would-be tyrants always start by trying to take over religion or abolishing it altogether like what Soviet Russia or Maoist China attempted or the German emperors during the Guelph Ghibbeline conflict.
The existence of life is evidence for the existence of a creator. All life according to Charles Darwin is in a struggle for existence. This for him is what drives evolution. How do complex sustained chemical reactions get this drive to fight against the universal trend towards thermodynamic equilibrium? We see this will to live and reproduce even in the most basic organisms that lack central nervous systems. Think about that. Will is being expressed in a creature without the apparatus to will. Will must precede and transcend matter. A pre-existing and transcendent will is just another way of saying God.
You are so right but they won’t see it as the religious ferver is so ingrained it’s almost part of their DnA. 😇
Well said. However, I see no harm in following a religion and being spiritual if you use the teachings to better humanity. You don’t have to be factually accurate to do good. When I have a problem with religious people is when they use their beliefs to judge, oppress, and sometimes outright harm others. If someone is going to stand on a high horse that has no foundation other than what men in power have told them to believe and wrote it up into a book (heavily editing and changing translations), then at they should at least be doing it for reasons that will make ALL of humanity thrive.
You can believe what you wish, but the rest of us do not have to comply with those beliefs.
D-i know, sores!
Glad to be ignorant?
Ok. Makes it much easier to think you can keep up.
Well, if JC did exist as the son of god, his 5-hour long crucifixion was nothing for him to worry about as he would come back to dad and mum and heaven forever after a bit of excruciating pain. So I reckon that if he existed, he was a normal bloke prepared to get martyred for his humanitarian approach to life. Plenty of others have done that, including Jan Hus who got burnt to death for arguing with members of the Catholic Church.
T Rex there teeth are comparable shark alligator or crocodile teeth which one comes closest
Really to me they don’t match any of them what do you think
Never been bitten by any of them, least of all by T. rex so I can’t offer any advice,
Don’t waste money on trying to rea ch other planets musk and the others will be remembered for making a lot of money and wasting it on looking for habital planets . It would be better if he stopped all the wars and starvation in the world they would be remembered for all time who agrees
Don’t waste money on trying to rea ch other planets musk and the others will be remembered for making a lot of money and wasting it on looking for habital planets . It would be better if he stopped all the wars and starvation in the world they would be remembered for all time who agrees
Story of bable tells of the land masses separating. How did people who live 10000 years ago know? The Bible also mentions an animal with a tail the size of a tree… nothing alive today fits that description.
Finding soft tissue in fossils millions of years old is impossible which should cause people to reevaluate the theory of deep time. These findings prove a young Earth
Uhhhh, particularly accelerators are not used in paleontology. This is clearly a bogus article
Are you really that stupid? Have you ever been to Germany? They absolutely do acknowledge the extermination camps. They may not like to talk about them, but they will not deny they existed. How are some many people so stupid. This simple fact can be verified just by talking to a German person. Unlike dinosaurs… they still exist. Unlike God they can be proven and will actually talk to you.
5*5=years=5*2 years=?
Round about, have you found any thing? Very safe report you found some thing.
When I read the religious comments, I always wonder, “Why do such people bother to read anything about science?’ It seems their faith gives them all of the answers they need, prepackaged and covering every contingency.
Science is a quest to interogate the natural world and learn its history and mechanisms of action without resorting to a Cosmic Magician who conjures all artifacts, past, present, and future within a neatly self-contained story that insures everlasting safety to the believer and eternal torment for the unbeliever.
I do not reject the premise of a Extra-Universal Consciousness in which the cosmos (Greek for “order”) emerged (Big Bang), nor that of s great Messenger of healing, compassion, and reconnection with the highest virtues known to humanity. I’ve yet to meet a single person who was not, in some way “broken” by the cruelties of their fellow humans and my the capricious tragedies that enter every life. There is great appeal, solace, and hope within a belief system that The Transcendent Power knows our sorrows, and cares, and works to support our healing. And who, given a guarantee, would reject the offer of an existence without end, without the pains and sorrows of human existence. I fault no one for embracing such solace.
Likewise, I have no problem contemplating “deep time”, and the slow changes that punctuated equilibrium evolution has fashioned on this extraordinary, watery, blue planet in the outskirts of one of billions of detectable galaxies. Time was moulded lifeforms and brains that are reptilian, mammalian, primate, and hominin, of which the latest surviving line is homo sapiens sapiens. Our species, with its advanced neocortex, has developed language, art, music, writing, and science — a methodology by which to interogate natural phenomena and seek non-supernatural explanations for the phenomena of physics, chemistry, biology, and consciousness. Obviously, our species has not discovered all of the answers. Ny suspicion is that, by way of analogy, our species is just leaving its late adolescence and entering something resembling young adulthood. We’re giddy with our own cleverness, and also beginning to realize how much we do no yet know. The more we learn, the more we realize remains beyond our current comprehension. But that dies not mean that our species will always be trapped within the bounds of our residual ignorance (that is lack of knowledge, not lack of capacity), though our brains/minds may require further evolutionary sophistication to grasp elements of insight and understanding that currently elude us.
Some people, and often those who seek no insight beyond explanations offered by their faith traditions, seem trapped by a lack of imagination. They struggle to contemplate, much less accept or embrace knowledge and insight that was canonized between 3000 years ago and the the early 20th century.. Angels and demons, prophets and messiahs, and even a Newtonian, mechanistic universe seem reasonable to them, but a relativistic or quantum universe is a foreign and suspect to them as demons and angels are to the atheist. They are content to embrace the conveniences, “toys”, and medical technologies that modern science have given us, but, as [I believe the author was] Arthur C. Clark observed, “Any technology sufficiently advanced beyond that intrinsic to a culture is indistinguishable from ‘magic’.” With the workings of everyday technologies so functionally incomprehensible to so many, faith in the incomprehensible is a given. And when the stakes are perceived as eternal, the rational choice is to hedge one’s bets with the team with the longest winning record. (Team God). Faith is not irrational …from the standpoint of shortlived sentient beings. It is an embrace of Hope in the midst of a fleeting and uncaring world of uncertainty.
My only criticism is that so many people stop their curiosity, their inquiry, their pursuit of knowledge, understanding, and insight at the boundaries if their faith tradition. Science has made so many profound discoveries during the last 150 years, and that trend has accelerated during the last 50 years. The more our species learns, the more deeply we understand where to look, what questions to ask, and what methods to use to probe for answers.
I know this example will ‘trigger’ some readers, nonetheless, no one had any clue how to protect a population from a viral disease (small pox) until Edward Jenner observed that milk maids who had contracted (the relatively mild) ‘cow pox’ were protected from the devastating consequences of small pox. Thus was born the Western study and practice of immunology. (In fairness, at the same time, some African tribes had already been scraping small pox sores and innoculating their children through scratches on the skin. The name for this practice escapes me.) By the year 2020, medical science understood enough about the immune system and the surface proteins of viruses to synthesize a [mRNA] vaccine that used our own cells to manufacture the surface proteins of the CoVid virii, priming the immune system prior to any exposure to the sometimes deadly, live virus. This vaccine technology may be a powerful tool to mobilize our own immune systems against a range of cancers (which also present signature surface proteins). Yet far too many people believe that mRNA vaccines alter our cells and somehow ‘make us sick’. Any symptoms following an mRNA vaccination simply demonstrate that the immune system has been activated to synthesize our own antibodies against the actual virus *before* a illness-causing exposure occurs. Those antibodies are not an impenetrable shield! the virus is *constantly* mutating. But those antibodies hive oue bodies ‘a head-start’ in our immunological response when we encounter the live virus.
These are the lessons of Science. With insight and understand we have more effective options with which to response to Nature’s unrelenting assaults in our bodies. A virus is not s ‘punishment from Gid’. It is an opportunistic, biological ‘machine’ that settles wherever it settles, and if the host environment is right, it highjacks the bodies own protein synthesis processes to make more copies of itself –;often killing the host cells in the process. The immune system mobilized its own identification and protein synthesis processes to neutralize the vital particles before they can do any damage. Microscopic chemical warfare. Immunological protein against viral surface protein. If the immune system responds quickly and vigorously enough, we recover …and carry on with an expanded arsenal of antibodies. If the virus outpaces the immune system, we die. No moralistic judgement. No divine punishment. Just the geologically ancient warfare of invading biological agent versus immune response. That is science. That is hard won knowledge discovered by generations of scientists whose principal motivation is to *understand*, and perhaps in understanding, reduce human misery.
All of this research takes money, as does manufacturing and distributing vaccines. How richly those producers are rewarded is fair game fir public policy decisions. But people who distrust all scientists clearly do not know any practicing scientists.
Scientists just want to understand, and maybe, with that understanding, improve the human condition. Knowledge gives us options. Ignorance leaves us grasping in the dark for any shred of hope. And ignorance leaves us susceptible to the ideologue, the demagogue, and snake oil salesman wanting to separate you from your money, acquire influence and power for himself, or both. Knowledge and critical thinking are ‘vaccines for the mind’.
Thank you to scitechdaily for allowing comments and content. I love hearing the voice of people. Keep up the good work.
To Rick, who wonders why do Christians care about science?
“For thus saith the Lord that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited: I am the Lord; and there is none else.
19 I have not spoken in secret, in a dark place of the earth: I said not unto the seed of Jacob, Seek ye me in vain: I the Lord speak righteousness, I declare things that are right.”
Jesus loves truth and mercy and true followers of His do too! He desires to seek and to save the lost, all of us. Everything hidden will be revealed. I wish all the research paywalled by institutions would be free. The truth will set you free.
“Do not be deceived.”
We need truth: about our bodies, minds and spirit. We need healing physically, spiritually, mentally. Jesus asks us to reason with Him. So thinking and facts and evidence is allowed. So then, how reliable is the Bible? How hard is it to predict the future? How many Bible prophecies do you think there are? For example, how many prophecies concerning Jesus and His life and birth?
God loves the truth, wisdom and facts and justice. Everything meets in Jesus. If you are humble and seek for the truth, you will meet Him.