First Corona Lockdown Was a “Live Experiment” – Revealed Big Behavioral Gender Differences

After the first lock-down in Austria was imposed on March 16, 2020, calls from women to women were up to 1,5 times longer than before the crisis (+140%), calls from men to women lasted nearly twice as long (+97%). Conversely, when women called men, they talked 80 percent longer. The duration of calls between men rose only by 66 percent. Credit: CSH Vienna

How do communication or movement patterns change in an acute crisis? Researchers in Vienna see major trends in anonymized telecommunication data—and identify clear gender differences.

In a crisis, women make significantly longer phone calls and adhere more closely to governmental measures than men; men are less likely to have their mobility restricted and return to normal more quickly than women. Researchers at the Complexity Science Hub Vienna (CSH) found cliché-sounding behavioral patterns like these in data from the first Corona lockdown in spring 2020.

For their study, just published in the journal Scientific Reports, the complexity researchers evaluated mobile phone data from 1.2 million Austrians—about 15 percent of the population—between February and June 2020.

Men and women behave very differently

“The total shutdown of public life was like a population-wide live experiment,” CSH researcher Tobias Reisch points out. In spring 2020, the CSH was given access to anonymized telecommunication data from a major Austrian internet service provider. The scientists used the data to observe, with a slight time-lag, people’s mobility behavior. “We were interested in the extent to which people supported the anti-Corona measures imposed by the government,” says Reisch. “When we analyzed the data by gender, we found surprisingly strong behavioral differences between men and women.” (Note: The gender categories are self-reported and are, for technical reasons, limited to female and male.)

Women make longer phone-calls, men go out more likely

People made much longer phone calls right after the lockdown was imposed. “Interestingly, they talked to fewer people than usual—but with these few, they spoke longer,” says Reisch.

Phone calls involving women lasted significantly longer on average, with big differences depending on who was calling whom. After the first lockdown in Austria was imposed on March 16, women to women calls were up to 1,5 times longer than before the crisis (+140 percent), calls from men to women lasted nearly twice as long. Conversely, when women called men, they talked 80 percent longer, while the duration of calls between men rose only by 66 percent.

“Of course, we don’t know the content or purpose of these calls,” says Georg Heiler, researcher at CSH and TU Wien, who was responsible for data processing. “Yet, literature from the social sciences provides evidence—mostly from small surveys, polls, or interviews—that women tend to choose more active strategies to cope with stress, such as talking with others. Our study would confirm that.”

The researchers also found that already existing differences in the mobility behavior of men and women were massively amplified by the lockdown, with women limiting their mobility significantly more and for longer than men.

The more detailed evaluation of telecom data gained at a large recreational area in Vienna and a shopping mall shows that both regions were more likely to be frequented by men during the lockdown. Also, after the measures were lifted, men returned more quickly to their pre-pandemic mobility patterns.

A valuable support for social sciences

“This study shows once again that data—in this case telecommunication data—allows us to gain social insights quickly and at low costs, without violating the anonymity of individuals,” adds CSH President and co-author Stefan Thurner. “We see people’s behavior in the here and now without the need for large surveys of thousands of people.”

On the one hand, this offers quantitative support for research questions in psychology and the social sciences—including interesting new questions emerging from data evaluations. “On the other hand, we are providing concrete information for policymakers which can either be used for planning in an acute crisis, or flow into a more targeted health planning, or could even lead to considerations on how to achieve a more gender-equitable society,” Thurner concludes.

Reference: “Behavioral gender differences are reinforced during the COVID-19 crisis” by Tobias Reisch, Georg Heiler, Jan Hurt, Peter Klimek, Allan Hanbury and Stefan Thurner, 28 September 2021, Scientific Reports.
DOI: 2010.1038/s41598-021-97394-1