Researchers Turn Astronomical Data Into Music

A new website allows listeners to hear the music of the stars, turning Chandra X-ray data into musical notes.

Plato, the Greek philosopher and mathematician, described music and astronomy as “sister sciences” that encompassed harmonious motions, whether of instrument strings or celestial objects. This philosophy of a “Music of the Spheres” was symbolic. However, modern technology is creating a true music of the spheres by transforming astronomical data into unique musical compositions.

Gerhard Sonnert, a research associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, has created a new website that allows listeners to literally hear the music of the stars. He worked with Wanda Diaz-Merced, a postdoctoral student at the University of Glasgow whose blindness led her into the field of sonification (turning astrophysical data into sound), and with composer Volkmar Studtrucker, who turned the sound into music.

“I saw the musical notes on Wanda’s desk and I got inspired,” Sonnert said.

Diaz-Merced lost her sight in her early 20s while studying physics. When she visited an astronomy lab and heard the hiss of a signal from a radio telescope, she realized that she might be able to continue doing the science she loved. She now works with a program called xSonify, which allows users to present numerical data as sound and use pitch, volume, or rhythm to distinguish between different data values.

During a visit to the Center for Astrophysics in 2011, Diaz-Merced worked with data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory. The target was an EX Hydrae — a binary system consisting of a normal star and a white dwarf. Known as a cataclysmic variable, the system fluctuates in X-ray brightness as the white dwarf consumes gas from its companion.

Diaz-Merced plugged the Chandra X-ray data into xSonify and converted it into musical notes. The results sound random, but Sonnert sensed that they could become something more pleasing to the ear. He contacted Studtrucker, who chose short passages from the sonified notes, perhaps 70 bars in all, and added harmonies in different musical styles. Sound files that began as atonal compositions transformed into blues jams and jazz ballads, to name just two examples of the nine songs produced.

The project shows that something as far away and otherworldly can be significant to humans for two distinct reasons — one scientific and one artistic.

“We’re still extracting meaning from data, but in a very different way,” explained Sonnert.

You can listen to the results of the project on the Star Songs website.

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