The pumped-up arm of the lopsided spiral galaxy NGC 772 dominates this image captured by the international Gemini Observatory.
The overdeveloped spiral arm of the galaxy NGC 772, which was formed by tidal interactions with an unruly neighbor, dominates this observation made by astronomers using the Gemini North telescope, which is located near the summit of Maunakea in Hawai‘i. Galaxy NGC 772’s strange appearance has earned it a place as the 78th entry in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies — a rogues’ gallery of weird and wondrous galaxy structures.
This magnificent image showcases the strangely lopsided spiral galaxy NGC 772, which is located over 100 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Aries. Captured by the Gemini North telescope in Hawai‘i, one-half of the international Gemini Observatory, a Program of NSF’s NOIRLab, the image shows NGC 772’s overdeveloped spiral arm, which stretches across toward the left-hand edge of the frame. This extra large arm is due to one of NGC 772’s unruly neighbors, NGC 770, a dwarf elliptical galaxy. The tidal interactions between NGC 772 and its diminutive companion have distorted and stretched one of the spiral galaxy’s arms, giving it the unbalanced appearance exposed in this image.
NGC 772 also lacks a bright central bar. Other spiral galaxies such as the Andromeda Galaxy or our own Milky Way exhibit prominent central bars — large, linear structures composed of gas, dust, and countless stars. Without a bar, NGC 772’s spiral arms sweep out directly from the bright center of the galaxy.
The galaxy’s unusual appearance has earned it the distinction of appearing in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, a careful curation by astronomer Halton Arp of some of the strange and wonderful galaxies populating the Universe. The 338 galaxies in the Atlas are a rogues’ gallery of strange and unusual galaxy shapes chosen to provide astronomers with a catalog of odd galaxy structures. Entries in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies include galaxies boasting trailing tidal tails, rings, jets, detached segments, and a host of other structural idiosyncrasies. NGC 772 is included as Arp 78.
While NGC 772’s peculiarities dominate this image, there is also a menagerie of galaxies lurking in the background. The bright smears and smudges littering this image are actually distant galaxies — some of the closer examples can be resolved into characteristic spiral shapes. Every direction in the sky that astronomers have pointed telescopes toward contains a rich carpet of galaxies, with an estimated 2 trillion galaxies in total in our observable Universe.
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