Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope, have discovered ceers-2112, the most distant barred spiral galaxy observed to date. This challenges prior assumptions about galaxy evolution, showing that galaxies became orderly earlier than previously believed, and may lead to changes in theoretical models of galaxy formation.
Research team, including a UC Riverside astronomer, made discovery using the James Webb Space Telescope.
Using the James Webb Space Telescope, an international team, including astronomer Alexander de la Vega of the University of California, Riverside (UCR), has discovered the most distant barred spiral galaxy similar to the Milky Way that has been observed to date.
Until now it was believed that barred spiral galaxies like the Milky Way could not be observed before the universe, estimated to be 13.8 billion years old, reached half of its current age.
The research, published in the journal Nature this week, was led by Luca Costantin and a team of scientists at the Centro de Astrobiología in Spain.
“This galaxy, named ceers-2112, formed soon after the Big Bang,” said coauthor de la Vega, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. “Finding ceers-2112 shows that galaxies in the early universe could be as ordered as the Milky Way. This is surprising because galaxies were much more chaotic in the early universe and very few had similar structures to the Milky Way.”
Understanding Galactic Bars
Ceers-2112 has a bar in its center. De la Vega explained that a galactic bar is a structure, made of stars, within galaxies. Galactic bars resemble bars in our everyday lives, such as a candy bar. It is possible to find bars in non-spiral galaxies, he said, but they are very rare.
“Nearly all bars are found in spiral galaxies,” said de la Vega, who joined UCR last year after receiving his doctoral degree in astronomy at Johns Hopkins University. “The bar in ceers-2112 suggests that galaxies matured and became ordered much faster than we previously thought, which means some aspects of our theories of galaxy formation and evolution need revision.”
Artistic representation of the spiral barred galaxy ceers-2112, observed in the early universe. The Earth is reflected on an illusive bubble surrounding the galaxy, recalling the connection between the Milky Way and ceers-2112. Credit: Luca Costantin/CAB/CSIC-INTA
Astronomers’ previous understanding of galaxy evolution was that it took several billion years for galaxies to become ordered enough to develop bars.
“The discovery of ceers-2112 shows that it can happen in only a fraction of that time, in about one billion years or less,” de la Vega said.
According to him, galactic bars are thought to form in spiral galaxies with stars that rotate in an ordered fashion, the way they do in the Milky Way.
“In such galaxies, bars can form spontaneously due to instabilities in the spiral structure or gravitational effects from a neighboring galaxy,” de la Vega said. “In the past, when the universe was very young, galaxies were unstable and chaotic. It was thought that bars could not form or last long in galaxies in the early universe.”
Implications and Contributions of the Discovery
The discovery of ceers-2112 is expected to change at least two aspects of astronomy.
“First, theoretical models of galaxy formation and evolution will need to account for some galaxies becoming stable enough to host bars very early in the universe’s history,” de la Vega said. “These models may need to adjust how much dark matter makes up galaxies in the early universe, as dark matter is believed to affect the rate at which bars form. Second, the discovery of ceers-2112 demonstrates that structures like bars can be detected when the universe was very young. This is important because galaxies in the distant past were smaller than they are now, which makes finding bars harder. The discovery of ceers-2112 paves the way for more bars to be discovered in the young universe.”
De la Vega helped the research team by estimating the redshift and properties of ceers-2112. He also contributed to the interpretation of the measurements.
“Redshift is an observable property of a galaxy that indicates how far away it is and how far back in time the galaxy is seen, which is a consequence of the finite speed of light,” he said.
What surprised de la Vega most about the discovery of ceers-2112 is how well the properties of its bar could be constrained.
“Initially, I thought detecting and estimating properties of bars in galaxies like ceers-2112 would be fraught with measurement uncertainties,” he said. “But the power of the James Webb Space Telescope and the expertise of our research team helped us place strong constraints on the size and shape of the bar.”
The research paper is titled “A Milky Way-like barred spiral galaxy at a redshift of 3.”
Reference: “A Milky Way-like barred spiral galaxy at a redshift of 3” by Luca Costantin, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Yuchen Guo, Chiara Buttitta, Shardha Jogee, Micaela B. Bagley, Guillermo Barro, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Anton M. Koekemoer, Cristina Cabello, Enrico Maria Corsini, Jairo Méndez-Abreu, Alexander de la Vega, Kartheik G. Iyer, Laura Bisigello, Yingjie Cheng, Lorenzo Morelli, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Fernando Buitrago, M. C. Cooper, Avishai Dekel, Mark Dickinson, Steven L. Finkelstein, Mauro Giavalisco, Benne W. Holwerda, Marc Huertas-Company, Ray A. Lucas, Casey Papovich, Nor Pirzkal, Lise-Marie Seillé, Jesús Vega-Ferrero, Stijn Wuyts and L. Y. Aaron Yung, 8 November 2023, Nature.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06636-x
Very interesting finding gotta imagen and of course speculate that if I were there to observe and watch that, looking that fare back if at this time it is still the same or even if it still exists, maybe there are civilizations there, then the question let’s say for grins aliens are true how much more they are advanced to travel the distance and do they resemble the Human features. if we could reach that state of intellect, I think the first step is peace Its OK you do things your way and I will do the same without harmful interactions, perception of understanding beleaf.
Man will never know what the universe is all about ,all he can do is look and dream .
Why not thoroughly study these bars in our own galaxy for earthlike scenario than looking at almost invisibly distant milkyway twin galaxies.
Leave a comment About Johnson, I must say that you said the right thing about humans and advanced beings in the world, it is infinite to infinity, like the earth, and about speaking, I must say that your point is that you said that mancan never make the universe understand us..The things that are around us that we deal with are complete, but about a strange star or a black hole or a black hole, there is no need to understand, nor understand that it does not have an impact on our lives.The earth and the destroyed creatures of the earth have understood and discovered that the earth had a civilization before our human civilization, which was destroyed in a hundred million years before the human civilization.be and again there for the same.The planet has one number, which means that there is no chance for life on earth to reproduce and it is possible that life on earth will disappear in a few thousand years and start again from a single cell.thank you
I owe all the information I got to the scientists of the NASA Air and Space Organization, because all the information that the American scientists gave to NASA about the objects of the solar system and the Milky Way, in particular, is so accurate that I wasable to make great discoveries from that information.To find systems that were tens to hundreds of times smaller than the sun, about 400 planets and stars came to our solar system, and their stars first collided with Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, and Jupiter, and then some of these stars and their planetscollided with the sun.They caused the destruction of life on earth, and the traces of life on human civilization that have been left behind on the earth, which I have explained to you readers of this interesting site in previous comments, Dr. Mehrdad, a researcher from England,I am waiting for your messages, dear researchers and scientists.I am a major in Astronomy.Anytime you want, send me a short message about the civilized life of the earth that was destroyed in the past.I will answer.Dr. Mehrdad’s mobile number is 00989332197646. Thank you and thank you to the site manager, Sissy Teach Daily, God Protect.I hope to meet you soon.
Bizarre that the interviewee feels the need to describe what a bar is in such a basic (and irrelevant and inaccurate) way. How ignorant does he think the audience is? Perhaps comparing it to the Milky Way compelled him to stretch the candy analogy a little too far.
We have to look for life on earth, not in the galaxy.Next to the hundred billion stars of the galaxy, civilized and advanced life will never be found.Even if it is found, it will not be of any use to us.We still cannot travel to the nearest planet.In none of the hundreds of billions of stars in the galaxy systems, water and oxygen may not exist as much as the solar system.In other planets of the galaxy, if water and oxygen exist, there must be dozens of other conditions that exist on Earth in that planet as well.May life arise and provide conditions for civilized life, but it is possible that life similar to Earth will be found in the entire Milky Way galaxy, etc., but life similar to Earth exists in the infinite space, one hundred if out of every trillion.If there is only one galaxy like Earth, there is more advanced life, so there is infinite life like Earth and more advanced than Earth in the universe.Let us live on earth.There are signs on the earth and the solar system that show that the earth had life a hundred years before us, and about 400 four hundred solar systems that were tens to hundreds of times smaller than the sun joined our solar system from the Milky Way armof the galaxy.I have so many proofs about this.Anyone who wants to contact me can contact me through SMS.I am responsive.My email does not work in Iran.Please send an SMS.Thank you, dear readers, and thank you to the administrators of this.Very interesting site of Dr. Mehrdad Munjem from Britain, we are receiving your messages, may God protect you
The Destruction of Human Civilization on Earth Chapter 1 We do not have much time on Earth to sustain life on Earth, and in the next few thousand years or less, life on Earth will die out and life will begin again with single cells and bacteria.In principle, it will be extended.The life of this planet may be renewed for this word and the word of the planet as life is renewed on earth!Renewal means repeating all the lakes of Sadr Sad land!!This was formed by humans before us, in other words, they made the continents into creatures!Life on earth was destroyed!I swear to the stars and planets that accompanied a star every hundred million years, the stars and planets came to the sun of the solar system from the two big branches of the arm of the Milky Way galaxy!Because of the great attraction of the sun!And the gas giant planets Jupiter and Saturn, the systems I mentioned, when they came to the sun, they must first pass through the orbits of the four large gas planets, and they collided with these planets, such as Neptune, Uranus, Saturn,and Saturn.Jupiter, the stars and the planets that came with those stars came to the Sun.A few percent that passed the orbit of the four outer planets of course reached the Sun, that’s why all of them are hydrogen gas in the four planets Neptune, Uranus, Saturn and Jupiter!!Because all those stars came from the Milky Way galaxy because of the very, very strong magnetic currents of the galaxy’s core!!!It is unbelievable that only certain stars that are at least tens of times, or some of these stars hundreds of times smaller than the Sun, every two hundred million years or more or less, by the very, very strong gravity of the Sun, Jupiter.and Saturn, these bright stars were drawn to objects.The chemical system was pulled!!!Finally, with the blood cells that lived there, they were placed in the orbit of the outer planets!!Those stars collided billions of years ago to a hundred million years ago!!!That’s why I say the galaxy has two arms that are big for a hundred million years.Those two arms and the position of the sun is in these two arms.While orbiting the core of the galaxy, those stars also collided with Jupiter!!And to the Sun!, Jupiter is burning from the last collision of the stars of the large arms of the Jupiter galaxy.?If the mass of Jupiter was not high, the planets would not be disturbed in the collision with the Sun.Planets that passed through the orbit of Neptune, Uranus, Saturn and Jupiter and collided with the Sun with their companion star.And the effects of the meteorite impact can be seen on the surface.Mercury and Venus have seen more than all the objects in the solar system.These effects of meteorite collisions are the hundredths of the planets that collide with the sun because all planets contain sulfur, gunpowder, uranium and other materials.Explosive planets exist on the compact surface of the Sun.They exploded, their temperature was over ten thousand degrees Celsius.
The dust and hard core elements of these planets spread in and around the sun and collided with the objects of the solar system that were in orbit around the sun.The planets disintegrated and the soil of the mantle and the core of that planet was dumped on the surface of the earth.In the past, and that is why no one believes that such an event has occurred.They say that in the past, like three thousand meters of soil, all the works of human civilization has hidden the lakes that humans created on earth in the shape of human embryos, when three thousand meters of soil was poured in Mazandaran.The sea of Iran and caused the shape of Mazandaran sea where the baby embryo was in that sea due to the soil of three A thousand meters of human head has been destroyed.I have already talked to the visitors of this website a little about the effects of life on earth, for those who know how many years this website has been active, please let me know.Unfortunately, the hands of the mullahs under It has been the dominance of Western policies towards Iran.US President George Biden said that we support the Iranian people who sacrificed their lives in the streets and we know that young people were killed because of the issue of the mandatory hijab.In Iran, the Iranian people They should demonstrate in the streets and demand their demands from the Iranian regime, and we from America are behind the people who are killed in the streets, they should continue their struggle to achieve freedom and democracy. Thank you god bay
Modeling gravity with radiated spin information carriers implies a remarkable sort of MM experiment aether-drift effect that potentially exposes problems underlying special relativity spacetime paradoxes. When “c” loses constancy contingent on gravity variation, spacetime notions fall apart, but, more importantly, radiated gravity quanta present two fundamental issues relevant to the particulars of any massless spin-2 quantized localized (spheroidal shaped, having a center of effect, most generally) energy carrier form: localized carrier direction of radiation, an idea that is very field particle oriented, and conservation of localized carrier angular momentum (carrier spin), an idea that is very field wave-oriented, eminently coherent in bulk flows from a compact source. GR is oblivious to these things.
Directionality in radiation admits the possibility of “focused gravity” and a temperature dependence where the effect shows strongest at low temperatures where atoms can avoid excessive random thermal jostling. Focused gravity may form a scaffold for light to entangle atoms together, an effect conceivably persisting even at the scale of cosmic filaments and galactic bars. Nucleonic gravitational retro-reflectivity at low temperatures presents the simplest possible mechanism for a “cosmic bounce” and the simplest explation for hints of diamondlike octahedral asteroid morphologies in Bennu and Ryugu. The idea there is remarkably similar to simply reducing a cold quark triplet to the opened field-emission morphology of a collapsible flexible 3-ring radar retroreflector.
Conservation of angular momentum in massless particles is an idea for generalizing quantum gravity analogously to quantum light. Rather than a continuous spectrum of carrier spin momenta, one or more allowable discrete kinetic spin energies (radiated carrier rotation rates) is considered, as carriers are considered to exist close at subnucleonic scales out of reach of unnatural manipulations. A characteristic rotation rate derives from upscaling effective nucleon size by the ratio of electic-to-gravity forces between charged nucleons: approximately 1 meter lowered to the -15th power of ten, times ten to the 36th power. This can be viewed as a synthetic energy balance involving the product of rotational forces and distances applied, f1d2=f2d1, namely f1(nucleon electric charge force) times d1(nucleon-sized distance) = f2(nucleon gravity charge force) times d2(ubiquitous-mystery-gravity-dominated-object size) where “ubiquitous-mystery-gravity-dominated-object size” conveniently matches galaxy size, and it’s all held together in a single phaselike rotation of spheroids of quantum gravity generating a vector field. See “ALMA Measurement of 10 kpc-scale Lensing Power Spectra towards the Lensed Quasar MG J0414+0534” for the impact on distant dark matter effects dissected in section like a CT scan with a single photo showing galactic scale wave effects in orange.
A carrier can avoid being reset in rotation phase by not making contact with another mass, so filaments (and galactic bars) are prone to being relentlessly attractive throught their lengths as they exit a hot core region. By combining the the effects of cold focus and quantum roll, different phases of combined galactic quantum gravity completing a “quantum gravity cosmic wavelet” morphology of the so-called “grand design” form are possible, in my opinion. A set of arms is conceivably formed by the collapse of a galactic peripheral full-roll-phase-return ring, as a secondary inward-vector maximum ends where a bar of primary maximum inward vector gravity begins. The bar may be created with evolution of matter accumulated at the ringlike secondary maximum for inwardly-oriented gravity becoming split into arms, collapsing into the bar due either to accumulating too much ring mass, sufficient to possibly remotely deform the core, or due to external disturbances.
The object of rotation can be modelled as a prolate spheroid (rugby ball shape) with a surface having a paired dipole carrier contact effect, one that pushes outwardly at the ends and pulls inwardly at the middle. My preference is to imagine it as a combination of two lumps of light-like positive “false vacuum” energy surrounding and slowly rotating over an attractive core of “true vacuum” with less energy than the normal “false” vacuum.