A schematic Illustration of Structural-controlled Pt-high-entropy-alloy (Pt-HEA) Model Catalyst Synthesis. Credit: Yoshihiro Chida et al.
A research team has developed a new platform to study and control the atomic-level structure of high-entropy alloys’ surfaces. They found that platinum high-entropy alloys outperformed platinum-cobalt alloys in oxygen reduction reaction. These findings have broad applicability, and the team plans to use this platform for practical electrocatalysis in the future.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs), introduced in 2004, are alloys composed of multiple principal elements in nearly equiatomic proportions. Their unique chemical composition results in a high degree of chemical disorder, i.e. entropy, and produces remarkable properties such as high strength, ductility, and strong wear-and-tear resistance even at high temperatures. Scientists have dedicated a significant amount of attention to developing novel HEAs to help improve the performance of various electrocatalyst materials.
Challenges and Research on HEAs
Because they are made up of differing constituent elements, HEAs’ atomic-level surface designs can be complex. But unraveling this complexity is crucial, since the surface properties of materials often dictate their catalytic activity. Hence why researchers are seeking to understand the correlation between the atomic arrangement and the catalytic properties exhibited by HEAs.
A table of contents of this study. Credit: Yoshihiro Chida et al.
Advancements in HEAs
Now, a collaborative research team has created a new experimental platform that enables the control of the atomic-level structure of HEAs’ surfaces and the ability to test their catalytic properties. Their breakthrough was reported in the journal Nature Communications on July 26, 2023.
“In our study we made thin layers of an alloy called a Cantor alloy, which contains a mix of elements (Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni), on platinum (Pt) substrates,” explains Toshimasa Wadayama, co-author of the paper and a professor at Tohoku University’s Graduate School of Environmental Studies. “This produced a model surface for studying a specific reaction called the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).”
Research Findings and Implications
Using advanced imaging techniques, the group examined the atomic-level structure of the Pt-HEAs’ surfaces and studied their ORR properties. They discovered that the Pt-HEAs’ surfaces performed better in ORR compared to surfaces made of a platinum-cobalt alloy. This indicates that the atomic arrangement and distribution of elements near the surface, which creates a ‘pseudo-core-shell-like structure,’ contributes to the excellent catalytic properties of Pt-HEAs.
Wadayama and his group stress the wide applicability of their findings, both for any constituent elements and to other nanomaterials.
“Our newly constructed experimental study platform provides us with a powerful tool to elucidate the detailed relationship between multi-component alloy surface microstructures and their catalytic properties. It is valid for clarifying the precise correlations among the atomic-level, surface microstructure, and electrocatalytic properties of HEAs of any constituent elements and ratios and, thus, would provide reliable training datasets for materials informatics. The platform is applicable not only to electrocatalysis but also in various fields of functional nanomaterials.”
Future Prospects
Looking forward, the group hopes to expand this platform into practical electrocatalysis by using Pt-HEA-nanoparticles that seek to increase electrochemical surface areas.
Reference: “Experimental study platform for electrocatalysis of atomic-level controlled high-entropy alloy surfaces” by Yoshihiro Chida, Takeru Tomimori, Tomoaki Ebata, Noboru Taguchi, Tsutomu Ioroi, Kenta Hayashi, Naoto Todoroki and Toshimasa Wadayama, 26 July 2023, Nature Communications.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40246-5
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