Green Bank Ammonia Survey Peers Deep into the Stellar Nursery of the Orion Nebula

In this composite image combining GBT radio and WISE infrared observations, the filament of ammonia molecules appears red and Orion Nebula gas appears blue. Image: R. Friesen, Dunlap Institute; J. Pineda, MPE; GBO/AUI/NSF

In a newly published study, astronomers present an overview of the first data release (DR1) and first-look science from the Green Bank Ammonia Survey (GAS).

Astronomers have released an image of a vast filament of star-forming gas, 1200 light-years away, in the stellar nursery of the Orion Nebula.

The image shows ammonia molecules within a 50-light-year-long filament detected through radio observations made with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia. That image is combined with an image of the Orion Nebula—an object familiar to amateur and professional astronomers alike—taken with NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explore (WISE) telescope.

“We still don’t understand in detail how large clouds of gas in our Galaxy collapse to form new stars,” says Rachel Friesen, one of the collaboration’s co-Principal Investigators and, until 31 May 2017, a Dunlap Fellow at the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto.

“But ammonia is an excellent tracer of dense, star-forming gas,” says Friesen, “and these large ammonia maps will allow us to track the motions and temperature of the densest gas. This is critical to assessing whether gas clouds and filaments are stable, or are undergoing collapse on their way to forming new stars.”

The image accompanies the first release of results from the collaboration’s Green Bank Ammonia Survey (GAS), published in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement. The collaboration’s other co-Principal Investigator is Jaime Pineda, from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; the team also includes astronomers from the University of Toronto’s Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics and Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics.

The goal of GAS is to survey all the major, nearby star-forming regions in the northern half of the Gould Belt—a ring of young stars and gas clouds that circles the entire sky and runs through the constellation Orion. The survey will eventually provide a clearer picture over a larger portion of the sky of the temperatures and motions of gas within these dynamic stellar nurseries.

Reference: “The Green Bank Ammonia Survey (GAS): First Results of NH3 mapping the Gould Belt” by Rachel K. Friesen, Jaime E. Pineda, (co-PIs) , Erik Rosolowsky, Felipe Alves, Ana Chacón-Tanarro, Hope How-Huan Chen, Michael Chun-Yuan Chen, James Di Francesco, Jared Keown, Helen Kirk, Anna Punanova, Youngmin Seo, Yancy Shirley, Adam Ginsburg, Christine Hall, Stella S. R. Offner, Ayushi Singh, Héctor G. Arce, Paola Caselli, Alyssa A. Goodman, Peter G. Martin, Christopher Matzner, Philip C. Myers, Elena Redaelli and (The GAS Collaboration), 3 July 2017, The Astrophysical Journal.
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa6d58