The rapid acceleration of the universe’s expansion continues to challenge our understanding of fundamental physics.
Why the universe is expanding faster and faster remains one of the most intriguing open questions in modern physics. Current theories cannot fully account for this behavior using the existing picture of the physical world, which combines Einstein’s general theory of relativity with the standard model of particle physics.
To bridge this gap, scientists have proposed the existence of a mysterious force called “dark energy,” thought to be driving the accelerating expansion of the universe.
Even so, where this dark energy comes from is still unknown. Now, an international research team from the Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM) at the University of Bremen and the Transylvanian University of Brașov in Romania is offering a different way to think about the problem. Their work suggests that cosmic expansion may be explained, at least partly, without invoking dark energy at all.
The large-scale evolution of the universe is typically described using general relativity together with the Friedmann equations. Within this framework, however, explaining the observed acceleration requires scientists to insert an extra “dark energy term” into the equations manually.
Because this solution is widely viewed as unsatisfactory, the ZARM researchers and their Romanian collaborators explored an alternative path. Their results, published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, rely on an extension of general relativity (GR) known as Finsler gravity, a theoretical framework that has been developed over recent years.
Compared with the traditional formulation of GRT, this approach uses a more general description of spacetime, allowing gravitational effects of gases to be modeled more accurately than is possible within standard GR.
It does work without “dark energy”
When the research team calculated the Finsler extension of the Friedmann equations, they made an exciting discovery: the Finsler-Friedmann equations already predict an accelerated expansion of the universe even in a vacuum – without the need to introduce additional assumptions or “dark energy” terms.
“This is an exciting indication that we may be able to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe, at least in parts, without dark energy, on the basis of a generalized spacetime geometry,” says Christian Pfeifer, ZARM physicist and member of the research team. “This new geometric point of view on the dark energy problem opens up new possibilities for better understanding the laws of nature in the cosmos.”
Reference: “From kinetic gases to an exponentially expanding universe — the Finsler-Friedmann equation” by Christian Pfeifer, Nicoleta Voicu, Annamária Friedl-Szász and Elena Popovici-Popescu, 14 October 2025, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics.
DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2025/10/050
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14 Comments
I sent working models of this to NASA in April, 2023. ESA and Yale, also. Those who’ve seen them have my contact info.
Send here too. Brainiac.
Thanks for the input.
I can explain the acceleration of the galaxies without invoking dark matter or dark energy.
So how does this differ from GR? How does modeling the gravity of gases account for what we observe as dark energy? What else would this effect, gravitational lensing, the interstellar medium? Are there any implications for dark matter?
I hate these articles where they provide no context or substance just an announcement. It’s like reading a press release or something.
I uploaded my first ‘wheel rotation intensified induced coherent radiant pulsing lines of gravity force’ demonstration video to YouTube in 2012, since moved with two others to a new Odysee dot com video channel, now with one more. Based upon my model of gravity (and inertia, June 2025; https://odysee.com/@charlesgshaver:d/5Gravity:c) we don’t really know that the universe is expanding or how large or old it is. I find that photons of light accelerate (blueshift) on expanding lines of gravity force when emitted by their sources and decelerate (redshift) on contracting lines of gravity force when arriving in earth’s ambient field. Gravity lensing seems proof enough that lines of gravity force can affect individual photons in deep space. My demonstrations are cheaply and easily reproduced by those with truly “scientific” minds. Cc: four authors.
This is a breakthrough for those of us looking beyond ‘placeholder’ physics. If the Finsler-Friedmann equations can predict acceleration through geometry alone, it suggests we are actually living in a much more complex manifold than standard 4D spacetime.
I’ve been looking into a 9D framework that aligns perfectly with this: 3 dimensions of matter, 3 of energy, and 3 of time. In this view, ‘Dark Energy’ isn’t a mysterious substance; it’s a geometric side-effect. Just as Finsler gravity says expansion is predicted by the geometry of kinetic gases, a 9D universe suggests that our 3D ‘matter’ slice is simply rotating through 3D time and energy dimensions. This provides the ‘push’ we see without needing to invent dark energy terms.
Has the research team considered how this Finsler extension behaves if the temporal component is expanded to three dimensions? It feels like we are finally moving toward a ‘Unified Geometric Theory’ where the shape of the universe explains its contents
Does this get rid of the so-called “dark matter” fudge factor also?
Someone should write an article about how many old stakeholders that have built their careers in physics around the illusion of dark energy/matter will be impacted by their erasure.
Dark energy is a product of a misinterpretation of so called ‘standard candles’ which might not be as standard as scientists think they are. Can Cepheid variables and type 1a supernova all have intrinsic luminosity? Another example of ‘Constants’ not being so Constant after all
The DESI results show that ‘dark energy’ is not a constant, which flies in the face of its’ role as a placeholder in the Standard Model. Another leak in the Big Bang theory.
Dark energy is a myth introduced to justify another myth, the LCDM model of the universe. A Newtonian model of pulsating universe, where the pulsation is due to the oscillation between two potential states of super galaxy clusters, “maximum internal energy” and “maximum speed” can explain the accelerating expansion without dark energy.
Have they looked at the work of Rajesh Gupta?
If there was dark energy wouldn’t it block the light from the stars?
Memo 260617136_Source1.Reinterpretation【()】
Source1.
https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-dark-energy-doesnt-exist-new-theory-could-rewrite-cosmic-expansion/
1.
_(If dark energy does not exist)? A new theory could overturn existing explanations for the expansion of the universe.
ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ
【&&&&&&&&b1.() This is a rather contradictory expression. It is like saying that if the natural number 1 did not exist, natural numbers would not have appeared. Hmm. 1237.
&&>>>Personally, I feel that the cosmology of modern 21st-century cutting-edge science is at the intellectual level of very childish toddlers. Haha. 1307.
>>>>> As far as I surmise in the msbase.msoss.qpeoms.eqpms—magicsum cosmology—which I have researched my entire life from my second year of middle school until my old age in my 70s, the universe expands in four ways. Heh. 1310. 1318.
1.) One appears during the process where msbase (ordinary matter) transforms into dark matter msoss,
2.) Another is that the universe can expand through a power-raising method where msbase or msoss can self-replicate.
>>>>
3.) A somewhat difficult-to-understand method is a Big Bang event of highly condensed particles, much like the Big Bang event itself. This is where dark energy eqpms created extremely condensed particles, and the universe expands in a limited manner, just as Planck’s constant is known as the origin of Big Bang cosmology.
(Question #1. The reason why General Relativity and the Friedmann equations are generally used for the macroscopic evolution of the universe
Ai Answer // The reason General Relativity and the Friedmann equations derived from it are used for the macroscopic evolution of the universe is that the fundamental force governing the movement of the entire universe is gravity, and General Relativity is the theory that explains gravity most accurately in modern physics.)
^^^^ The force expanding the universe may not be gravity. It is speculated that this may be because it is a highly condensed giant prime type eqpms
.nqvixer.qqcell.parpi_(e=m/c2,f=2m*r2).tsp particle where the strong force is released into the weak force(*). Aha. It is difficult to get to the multiverse with gravity alone.
>>>>>>>>>
4.) However, in another way, the little one of our universes attempts to be incorporated into the multiverse, and qpeoms.cmd is assigned to sample1.oms.vix.ain. Hmm. 1303.
^^^This is a clever, efficient, and intelligent method of infinite cosmic expansion in which our universe adopted the path of an expanding universe to be incorporated into the multiverse. 1249. Uh-huh. 1304.
】
1-1.
_The accelerated expansion of the universe is generally believed to be due to an invisible force called dark energy.
_New research suggests that a deeper understanding of gravity and spacetime geometry may be able to explain cosmic phenomena without mentioning such mysteries.
_The rapid expansion rate of the universe poses a continuous challenge to our understanding of fundamental physics.
1-2.
_The reason why the universe is expanding faster and faster is one of the most intriguing unsolved problems in modern physics.
_Current theories cannot fully explain this phenomenon with the existing physical worldview that combines Einstein’s general theory of relativity and the standard particle physics model.
1-3.
To bridge this gap, scientists have proposed the existence of a mysterious force known as “dark energy,” which is believed to cause the accelerated expansion of the universe.
Nevertheless, the source of this dark energy remains unknown. However, an international research team from the Center for Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM) at the University of Bremen and the University of Transylvania in Brașov, Romania, is presenting a new approach to this problem.
1-3.
Their research suggests that the expansion of the universe can be explained, at least partially, without considering dark energy at all.
2.
The macroscopic evolution of the universe is generally explained using general relativity and the Friedmann equations. However, to explain the observed accelerated expansion within this framework, scientists must artificially add a “dark energy term” to the equations.
As this solution is widely considered unsatisfactory, the ZARM team and their Romanian collaborator have sought an alternative approach. Their research results were published in the *Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics* and are based on the concept of an extension to General Relativity (GR) known as Finsler gravity, a theoretical framework developed in recent years.
2-1.
Compared to traditional General Relativity (GR) formulas, this approach uses a more general description of spacetime, allowing it to model the gravitational effects of gases more accurately than is possible with standard GR.
2-2. It works without “Dark Energy.”
When the research team calculated the Finsler extension of the Friedman equations, they made an interesting discovery. The Finsler-Friedman equations predict the accelerated expansion of the universe even in a vacuum, without the need to introduce additional assumptions or a “Dark Energy” term. 3.
“This discovery suggests an interesting possibility (that the accelerated expansion of the universe can be explained at least partially without dark energy based on generalized spacetime geometry),” said Christian Pfeiffer, a ZARM physicist and member of the research team.
ㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡㅡ
【&&&&&&a1.() msoss Dark matter absorbs msbase element-based ordinary matter, thereby increasing the number of galaxies. I speculated that this is the main cause of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Hmm. 1219.
>>>>>However, there is another way to increase the number of galaxies. If you apply a power of acceleration to msbase.galaxy, early galaxies of the early universe msbase4. can increase their mass infinitely in cosmic spacetime and instantly fill spacetime. Hmm.1222.27.
^^^^^Here, power is similar to a geometric scaling ratio. Then, without using the dark matter msoser-based msoss.zerosum1. method,
^^^^^(tsp.qser*: 0>±0>02, n>±0>n…), the universe expands through dark energy eqpms via the explosion of highly concentrated superparticles. Uh-huh. 2606171234.
】
_”This new geometric perspective on the dark energy problem opens up new possibilities for a better understanding of the natural laws of the universe.”
===========
#1. The reason why General Relativity and the Friedmann equations are generally used for the macroscopic evolution of the universe
// The reason why General Relativity and the Friedmann equations derived from it are used for the macroscopic evolution of the universe is that the fundamental force governing the movement of the entire universe is gravity, and General Relativity is the theory that explains gravity most accurately in modern physics.
The specific reasons are as follows.
Fundamental Elucidation of Gravity: General relativity clearly explains, through field equations, how matter and energy warp spacetime and how that warped spacetime, in turn, influences the motion of matter (gravity).
Technology of the Dynamic Evolution of Spacetime: The universe is not simply a matter placed in static space; rather, space itself expands or contracts. To address this mathematically, Einstein’s equations, which organically intertwine the relationship between time and space, are essential.
Simplification of Equations (The Cosmological Principle): Although Einstein’s equations are very complex, applying the cosmological principle—which states that the universe is uniform and identical regardless of the macroscopic viewpoint—derives the Friedmann equations, which are mathematically very simple.
Consequently, through the Friedmann equations, the relationship between the universe’s density rho, the spatial curvature k, and the expansion rate can be resolved, allowing us to predict the evolutionary processes of the universe’s past, present, and future.