“Amazing” – Scientists Identify Unique New Species of Pterosaur

Photograph of the whole specimen of Petrodacyle. Credit: René Lauer

The animal had a 2-meter wingspan and a large bony crest on its head.

A team of researchers from Britain, America, and Germany identified a 145-million-year-old pterosaur, a class of now-extinct flying reptiles that lived alongside dinosaurs. The creature earned the nickname ‘Elvis’ upon its discovery in Bavaria, Germany, due to the large bony crest on its skull, reminiscent of a pompadour.

Now the animal has been given the formal scientific name of Petrodactyle wellnhoferi. The name translates as ‘Wellnhofer’s stone-finger’ honouring legendary German paleontologist Peter Wellnhofer who spent his career working on German pterosaurs. Petrodactyle is a member of a group of pterosaurs called the ctenochasmatids that were mostly small filter feeders. Petrodactyle is a very complete skeleton with nearly every bone preserved and in remarkable detail.

Many pterosaurs are known with bony crests which they used primarily as sexual signals to other members of the species, but Pterodactyle has by far the largest crest even seen in a ctenochasmatid. Dr. David Hone of Queen Mary University of London, the lead author on the study said, “Big though this crest is, we know that these pterosaurs had skin-like extensions attached to it, so in life, Petrodactyle would have had an even larger crest.”

The details of the specimen are especially clear under UV light which helps show the difference between the bones and the rock in which they are embedded, which under natural light are a very similar color. René Lauer of the Lauer Foundation, an author on the study said, “The use of UV Induced Fluorescence digital photography provided the ability to discern fine structures small bones and provided additional information regarding the structures of the bony crest which aided in the interpretations and conclusions of this unique new species.”

The petrodactyle was unusually large too. It has a wingspan of around 2 meters, but it was still an older ‘teenager’ by pterosaur standards and would have been even larger as a fully mature animal. Even so, it is one of the largest pterosaurs known from the Late Jurassic period. Bruce Lauer of the Lauer Foundation, an author on the study said “The specimen was located in a quarry which is producing scientifically important fossils that provide additional insights into Late Jurassic Pterosaurs.  This research is a great example of the benefits of cooperation between amateur collectors, commercial fossil dealers, our Foundation, and research scientists to advance science.”

Like other ctenochasmatids, Petrodactyle was at home on the shore of shallow seas but might have ventured into estuaries or to lakes. Its long jaw with many small teeth would have been good for grabbing at small fish, shrimp, and other aquatic prey. However, unlike most other ctenochasmatids, it had an expansion at the back of the skull to attach large jaw muscles and give it a stronger bite than many of its contemporaries. Frederik Spindler of the Dinosaurier Museum in Germany, an author on the study said, “It is amazing to document an increasingly wide range of adaptations.  Pterosaurs were a fundamental part of the Jurassic ecology.”

Dr. Hone concluded, “Peter Wellnhofer is long overdue for having a species of German pterosaur named after him to honor his lifelong contribution to the study of these amazing animals.”

The Lauer Foundation acquires, curates, and provides access to a collection of scientifically important Paleontological specimens.  The collection is available to the scientific community for research, publication, exhibition, and educational outreach.

Reference: “Petrodactyle wellnhoferi gen. et sp. nov.: A new and large ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Late Jurassic of Germany” by David W. E. Hone, René Lauer, Bruce Lauer and Frederik Spindler, 15 June 2023, Palaeontologia Electronica.
DOI: 10.26879/1251