Better Cybersecurity With a New Quantum Random Number Generator

Quantum random number generation based on a perovskite light emitting diode.

Digital information exchange can be safer, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly with the help of a new type of random number generator for encryption developed at Linköping University, Sweden. The researchers behind the study believe that the new technology paves the way for a new type of quantum communication.

In an increasingly connected world, cybersecurity is becoming increasingly important to protect not just the individual, but also, for example, national infrastructure and banking systems. Simultaneously, there is an ongoing race between hackers and those trying to protect information. Encryption remains the principal strategy for safeguarding information. Thus, while emailing, shopping online, or paying bills, our data is digitally encrypted. 

The Role of Quantum Random Number Generators

Random number generators, which can either be computer software or hardware, play a pivotal role in encryption. These generators offer the crucial keys that are used to both encrypt and unlock the information at the receiving end.

Different types of random number generators provide different levels of randomness and thus security. Hardware is the much safer option as randomness is controlled by physical processes. And the hardware method that provides the best randomness is based on quantum phenomena – what researchers call the Quantum Random Number Generator, QRNG. 

“In cryptography, it’s not only important that the numbers are random, but that you’re the only one who knows about them. With QRNG’s, we can certify that a large amount of the generated bits is private and thus completely secure. And if the laws of quantum physics are true, it should be impossible to eavesdrop without the recipient finding out,” says Guilherme B. Xavier, researcher at the Department of Electrical Engineering at Linköping University.

Innovations in QRNG: The Perovskite Advantage

His research group, together with researchers at the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), has developed a new type of QRNG, that can be used for encryption, but also for betting and computer simulations. The new feature of the Linköping researchers’ QRNG is the use of light-emitting diodes made from the crystal-like material perovskite.

Their random number generator is among the best produced and compares well with similar products. Thanks to the properties of perovskites, it has the potential to be cheaper and more environmentally friendly. 

Feng Gao is a professor at IFM and has been researching perovskites for over a decade. He believes that the recent development of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) means that there is an opportunity to revolutionize, for example, optical instruments.

“It’s possible to use, for example, a traditional laser for QRNG, but it’s expensive. If the technology is eventually to find its way into consumer electronics, it’s important that the cost is kept down and that the production is as environmentally friendly as possible. In addition, PeLEDs don’t require as much energy to run,” says Feng Gao.

Future Prospects and Developments

The next step is to develop the material further to make the perovskite lead-free and to extend its lifetime, which is currently 22 days. According to Guilherme B. Xavier, their new QRNG could be available for use in cybersecurity within five years.

“It’s an advantage if electronic components that are to be used for sensitive data are manufactured in Sweden. If you buy a complete randomness generator kit from another country, you can’t be sure that it’s not being monitored.”

Reference: “Quantum random number generation based on a perovskite light emitting diode” by Joakim Argillander, Alvaro Alarcón, Chunxiong Bao, Chaoyang Kuang, Gustavo Lima, Feng Gao and Guilherme B. Xavier, 30 June 2023, Communications Physics.
DOI: 10.1038/s42005-023-01280-3

The study was funded by the Swedish Research Council, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the Wallenberg Centre for Quantum Technology, and the European Research Council.

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