People who have had COVID-19 are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This is the result of a study by DDZ, DZD and IQVIA, which has now been published in Diabetologia.
Studies show that the human pancreas can also be a target of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 virus). Following a COVID infection, reduced numbers of insulin secretory granules in beta cells and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion have been observed. In addition, after COVID-19 disease, some patients developed insulin resistance and had elevated blood glucose levels although they had no previous history of diabetes. SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to a strong release of pro-inflammatory signaling substances (cytokines). Activation of the immune system may persist for months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection and impair insulin effectiveness (muscle, fat cells, liver).
To date, however, it is unclear whether these metabolic changes are transient or whether COVID-19 disease increases the risk of persisting diabetes. To investigate this question, researchers from the German Diabetes Center (DDZ), German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) and IQVIA (Frankfurt) conducted a retrospective cohort study.
The cohort study included a representative panel of 1,171 physician practices across Germany (March 2020 to January 2021: 8.8 million patients). Follow-up continued until July 2021. “The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of diabetes after infection with SARS-CoV-2,” said first author Wolfgang Rathmann, head of the Epidemiology Research Group at the DDZ. As a control group, the researchers selected people with acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURI), which are also frequently caused by viruses. The two cohorts were matched for sex, age, health insurance, month of COVID-19 or AURI diagnosis, and comorbidities (obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, heart attack, stroke). Patients on corticosteroid therapy were excluded from the study.
Higher Diabetes Incidence in COVID-19 Patients
During the study period, 35,865 people were diagnosed with COVID-19. “Our analyses showed that patients with COVID-19 developed type 2 diabetes more frequently than people with AURI. The incidence of diabetes with COVID-19 infection was 15.8 compared to 12.3 per 1000 people per year with AURI. Statistical analysis resulted in an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.28. Put simply, this means that the relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 28% higher in the COVID-19 group than in the AURI group,” Rathmann said, summarizing the results.
Although type 2 diabetes is unlikely to be a problem for the vast majority of people with mild COVID-19 disease, the authors recommend that anyone who has recovered from COVID-19 be alert to the warning signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, frequent urination and increased thirst and seek immediate treatment.
For more on this research see Association Found Between Mild COVID-19 Cases and Subsequent Type 2 Diabetes.
Reference: “Incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes after Covid-19” by Wolfgang Rathmann, Oliver Kuss and Karel Kostev, 16 March 2022, Diabetologia.
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05670-0
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1 Comment
Interesting.
1. Propensity for suceptibility to continuing health problems on a long term basis as a result of the Covid-19 infection is Long Covid.
2. This study implies that the effect of Covid-19 goes beyond Long Covid, and makes people who have been infected by Covid-19, more suceptible to developing new health conditions like Type-2 Diabetes.
3. Resistance to insulins ability for digestng the food related sugars we require, to provide energy to the cells as an after effect of Covid -19 is interesting.
4. Cell functioning effectiveness and efficiency and replacement over the cell life cycle is important for disease free life.
5. The Stealth bomber (Covid-10)ability to hide and remain dormant and affect health goes beyonf level 1 to level 2 infection.
6. Are there other lifestyle related diseases which needs to be studied?
Views expressed are personal and not binding on anyone.