Cracking the Quantum Black Box: A New Benchmarking Tool From Mathematical Physics

The field of quantum computing is rapidly advancing, but as quantum computers increase in size and complexity, they become less like a tool and more like a mysterious ‘black box’. A team utilizing mathematical physics has now cracked this box open, managing to extract concrete metrics from seemingly random data sequences. These metrics serve as benchmarks for assessing quantum computer performance.

Experts from Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Qusoft Research Centre Amsterdam, the University of Copenhagen, and the Technology Innovation Institute Abu Dhabi were involved in the work, which has now been published in Nature Communications.

Efficiency in Quantum Calculations

Quantum computers can be used to calculate quantum systems much more efficiently and solve problems in materials research, for example. However, the larger and more complex quantum computers become, the less transparent the processes that lead to the result. Suitable tools are therefore needed to characterize such quantum operations and to fairly compare the capabilities of quantum computers with classical computing power for the same tasks. Such a tool with surprising talents has now been developed by a team led by Prof. Jens Eisert and Ingo Roth.

Insights from Random Test Sequences

Roth, who is currently setting up a group at the Technology Innovation Institute in Abu Dhabi, explains: “From the results of random test sequences, we can now extract different numbers that show how close the operations are on statistical average to the desired operations. This allows us to learn much more from the same data than before. And what is crucial: the amount of data needed does not grow linearly but only logarithmically.”

This means: to learn a hundred times as much, only twice as much data is needed. An enormous improvement. The team was able to prove this by using methods from mathematical physics.

“This is about benchmarking quantum computers,” says Eisert, who heads a joint research group on theoretical physics at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin and Freie Universität Berlin. “We have shown how randomized data can be used to calibrate such systems. This work is important for the development of quantum computers.”

Reference: “Shadow estimation of gate-set properties from random sequences” by J. Helsen, M. Ioannou, J. Kitzinger, E. Onorati, A. H. Werner, J. Eisert and I. Roth, 19 August 2023, Nature Communications.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39382-9

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