A bold new theory suggests the universe didn’t begin with a single Big Bang, but instead unfolds through a series of ultra-fast, invisible bursts called “temporal singularities.”
These fleeting events flood space with energy and matter, forming the galaxies and structures we see today — without needing dark matter or dark energy. The model challenges long-held cosmological assumptions and offers a fresh explanation for the universe’s expansion, proposing that these singularities, although unobservable, may be the true drivers of cosmic evolution.
Singularity-Driven Expansion Framework
Dr. Richard Lieu, a physics professor at The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), has published a new paper in Classical and Quantum Gravity that offers an alternative explanation for the expansion of the universe. Instead of a single Big Bang, his model proposes that the cosmos evolves through a series of discrete events called “temporal singularities” — brief, universe-wide bursts of energy and matter.
This new framework eliminates the need for dark matter and dark energy to explain why the universe is expanding and how galaxies and other structures form.
The paper builds on Lieu’s earlier model, published in 2024, which proposed that gravity might exist without mass. That theory attracted over 41,000 reads and numerous citations. The updated version, while building on the same foundation, introduces significant changes.
“This new paper proposes an improved version of the earlier model, which is also radically different,” Lieu explains. “The new model can account for both structure formation and stability, and the key observational properties of the expansion of the universe at large, by enlisting density singularities in time that uniformly affect all space to replace conventional dark matter and dark energy.”
Transient Temporal Singularities Explained
Lieu’s improved model doesn’t rely on exotic phenomena like “negative mass” or “negative density” to work. The theory offers instead the notion that the universe is expanding due to a series of step-like bursts called “transient temporal singularities” that flood the entire cosmos with matter and energy, yet happen so rapidly, they cannot be observed as these singularities wink in and out of existence.
“Sir Fred Hoyle opposed Big Bang cosmology and postulated a ‘steady state’ model of the universe in which matter and energy were constantly being created as the universe expands,” Lieu notes. “But that hypothesis violates the law of mass-energy conservation. In the current theory, the conjecture is for matter and energy to appear and disappear in sudden bursts and, interestingly enough, there is no violation of conservation laws. These singularities are unobservable because they occur rarely in time and are unresolvedly fast, and that could be the reason why dark matter and dark energy have not been found. The origin of these temporal singularities is unknown – safe to say that the same is true of the moment of the Big Bang itself.”
These singularities in space in lieu of dark matter also generate something called “negative pressure,” a type of energy density, like that of dark energy, that has a repulsive gravitational effect, causing the universe to expand at an accelerating rate.
Negative Pressure and Accelerating Cosmos
“An example is the negative pressure exerted by a magnetic field along a field line,” Lieu says. “Einstein also postulated negative pressure in his 1917 paper on the Cosmological Constant. When positive mass-energy density is combined with negative pressure, there are some restrictions which ensure the mass-energy density remains positive with respect to any uniformly moving observer, so the negative density assumption is avoided in the new model.”
The title of Lieu’s new paper – Are dark matter and dark energy omnipresent? – hints at the researcher’s ultimate conclusions: “They are not omnipresent – meaning, not present at all times,” the researcher says. “They only appear in brief instances during which the matter and energy do fill the entire universe uniformly, apart from random spatial density variations which grow to form bound structures like galaxies. In between which they are not to be found anywhere. The only difference between this work and the standard model is that the temporal singularity occurred only once in the latter, but more than once in the former.”
Looking to the future of his research, Lieu says the next step to validating his model of the cosmos could come through observations using earthbound instruments rather than something like the James Webb Space Telescope.
“The best way to look for the proposed effect is actually to use a large ground-based telescope – like the Keck Observatory in Waimea, Hawaii, or the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes in La Palma, Spain – to perform deep field observations, the data of which would be ‘sliced’ according to redshift,” the researcher notes. “Given sufficient redshift (or, equivalently, time) resolution effected by the redshift slicing, one might just find that the Hubble diagram exhibits jumps in the redshift distance relation, which would be very revealing.”
Reference: “Are dark matter and dark energy omnipresent?” by and Richard Lieu, 21 March 2025, Classical and Quantum Gravity.
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/adbed1
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39 Comments
Hoyle used the term Big Bang sarcastically. I’m not sure why the term is still used.
Laziness.
Link to the paper “Are dark matter and dark energy omnipresent?” in ArXiv, instead of the paywalled reference in the article
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08733
You’re standing on a discrete source of new matter and energy, as are most planets if not all. Planets subsequently become stars. Jupiter will become its own solar system once it departs this one. Earth will eventually become like Jupiter.
How to save a ridiculous theory after its predictions have been refuted (BBT..JWST): Invent an even more ridiculous theory
As Richard Lieu is proposing is a challenging presentation there is no way gravity can occur without matter that point 👉🏼 clarify well you seem not to understand gravity well…
I wrote almost the same thing last night about it, but instead I wrote¨The particles were likely dormant and slowly vibrating by fractions of movements¨.
I think everything has a gravitational force field or something like one, so light that when one interacts with it at a similar speed, it simply stops. Still, when it falls, it uses the energy that causes it to enter the particles around it, therefore spreading it through other particles, etc.
Not a theory. My gosh the world has been dumbed down. When will these scientists authentically investigate to discover truths? Designed and created by God. Christian Apologetics proves beyond reasonable doubt. Duh..
If someone will get this gravity is not what is thought to be is a fan like action 🤔🤗
As science is fact through significant research and logic… God created science and in all likelihood, used it to create a logical universe that makes us require faith.
Christians are cringe
As a Christian, I must agree with you… You can’t toss logic to the street because you believe in a god and likewise, you can’t toss a good to the side because of science as if there is a god, he created science.
fun fact einstein theory is wrong E∞mc². Time is the infinite oscillation of energy and matter at the speed of light
As science is fact through significant research and logic… God created science and in all likelihood, used it to create a logical universe that makes us require faith.
I don’t know much, so don’t count on me on this.
Newton got it wrong. The entire universe moved “upwards” past the apple.
How to save a ridiculously complex theory from being refuted by new observations that contradict this ridiculous theory: Invent a new even more complex ridiculous theory.
Astrophysicists can’t tell the difference between a hole in space and their feces emitters
No mention of how this new theory would explain the cosmic microwave background.
Excellent comment Donovan
Instead of the “Big Bang” this sounds like the “Big Leak” or the “Big Drip”.
I is because at the center of our universe is a WHITE HOLE I proposed this in my QUANTUM CUBE STACK MULTIVERSE THERORY.
Say WHAT???
Universes like ours are birthed from black holes in the multiverse. When the black hole inside the multiverse has sucked up so much matter that it can no longer contain it, a new universe of this compressed matter explodes from the funnel end of the black hole.
This is how each universe comes with a complete complement of the physical laws and atomic structures, something that simple explosion would not be able to create on its own.
Now we just have to figure out how to enter the multiverse so we can view this process form the other side.
You might be onto something there. Tho idk if it’s a mass trigger or some aspect of time unraveling that leads into the starting conditions of the new universe beyond the event horizon.
Why does this make sense when I think about it and simultaneously seem ridiculous… My brain is dying 😂
We are part of the multiverse, we have black holes. That’s essentially viewing the other side. We can observe them to see how matter falls in. The other other side is the background of our reality, fields and laws pinning us in and keeping our matter and energy in check behind an event horizon for a black hole in the universe above ours. And that universe probly resembles ours in many fundamental ways.
And then you have an endless chain of black holes sucking matter from each universe. That sounds more like a religion than science.
Gotta love those crazy hypothesis, they are ridiculous… Until they’re true (or ridiculous)
Difficult to fathom a universe that did not start with an immense singularity, where the pre universe was composed of that singularity. 😢
Yeah . The higgs field creation was the result from God tearing himself apart screaming IM LONELY
I bet god gave this post a hearty chuckle 😂
This is wrong also..do they put this out there and really don’t know…they keep stumbling into the evidence…there’s one field responsible for all matter and all PERCEIVED observations of perterbations within it mistaking them as separate fields . The higgs field is a broiling pressure , mass is a condensate resulting from nonhomegeni which of course results from our good friend entropy being aggravated by observations..this explains gravity as reverse buoyancy and is the unified theory all ancient theologies were hinting at as prophets communed with the Higgs field and were enlightened by it which is our shared consciousness that makes dust get up and say I am
Bit of a stretch, but not sounding outright wrong like a flat earther. I’m in my own ballpark, I haven’t picked the boson field as the source of intelligence, but I do understand the universe(or some aspect of it) to be defining the shape of things, from our cells, to our minds. Even the planets and nature as a force/balance
Fits the existing model I’m working on. I mean it’s constantly happening at microscopic levels all around us, lil bits of energy and anti-particles generating and self destructing in the vacuum of space. It would make sense that the further you go from mass, the bigger the phenomenon could safely become in the larger voids.
Well, good news is, it is more testable than String Theory. Bad news is, that is because it is improbable . Now if it can explain the Hubble crisis, worth putting in some effort.
These are theories of Roswan Lorinzo Miller Theory of Absolute Existence. Youtube it on The God Factory
fun fact einstein theory is wrong E∞mc². Time is the infinite oscillation of energy and matter at the speed of light
Note 2508131550_Source1.During Disaster【】
Source 1.
https://scitechdaily.com/no-big-bang-a-theory-of-repeating-bursts-could-explain-everything/
A1.
No Big Bang? A recurring explosion theory could explain everything
Russ Nelson, University of Alabama at Huntsville, April 22, 2025
-A new cosmological model claims that the universe grows not from a single Big Bang but from several fast-energy bursts called temporal singularities.
_These invisible events can explain galaxy formation and cosmic acceleration without relying on dark matter or dark energy.
>>>>>><<<<^!^
^ The reason for the negativity of the Big Bang event can be reinterpreted with my msbase.msoss.qpeoms physical theory.
^ If the singularity of the event is not the scene of the Big Bang theory,
^ Its reality appears in qcell. If you continuously drag msbase, msoss to dark_energy.qms, you have a tremendous amount of space-time ems.void, sidems. Huh.
1-1.
-According to a new bold theory, the universe did not start out as a single big bang, but instead developed through a series of superfast, invisible explosions called "time singularities."
_These ephemeral events pour energy and matter into the universe to form the galaxies and structures we see today, without the need for dark matter or dark energy.
<<<>>>^!^
^Well!
^Do you have any dark matter or energy,
^Since it has already been used instantaneously, there may not be any dark matter or energy in our post Big Bang universe. Uh-huh.
1-2.
-The model calls into question the long-held cosmological assumptions, presents a new explanation for the cosmological expansion,
_Although unobservable, we argue that these singularities may be the real drivers of cosmic evolution.
>>>>><<<^!^
^ Quote Source 1.blazar Sauron I recently witnessed with astronomical data, so I think the answer will come out.
Citation Source 1.
Note 2508131329_Source1.Reinterpreting【
https://phys.org/news/2025-08-astronomers-eye-sauron-deep-space.html
^ The singularity of time creates an ems empty space in space. That's where the mass content mcell sits. Then, insidems quickly emerged and expanded. Huh.
1-3. Unique point-based scaling framework
-Dr. Richard Liu, professor of physics at the University of Alabama's Huntsville (UAH), has published a new paper that presents an alternative explanation for cosmic expansion in classical and quantum gravity.
_His model suggests that instead of a single Big Bang, the universe evolves through a series of discontinuous events called "time singularities": short bursts of energy and matter throughout the universe.
_This new framework eliminates the need for dark matter and dark energy to explain why the universe is expanding and how galaxies and other structures are formed.
B2.
-This paper is based on Liu's early model, published in 2024, which claimed that gravity could exist without mass.
_The theory has recorded more than 41,000 views and numerous citations. The updated version is based on the same foundation but introduces significant changes.
2-1.
-"This new paper proposes an improved version of the existing model, which is also fundamentally different," Liu explains.
_"The new model can take advantage of the temporal density singularity that uniformly affects all spaces, replacing existing dark matter and dark energy, explaining both the structure formation and stability, as well as the major observational properties of the expansion of the entire universe."
2-2. Explanation of temporary temporal singularity
-Liu's improved model does not rely on unusual phenomena such as "negative mass" or "negative density".
_The theory suggests the notion that the universe is expanding due to a series of cascading explosions called "temporary temporal singularities."
_This explosion fills the entire universe with matter and energy, but because it occurs so quickly, these singularities cannot be observed while repeatedly appearing and disappearing.
_"Sir Fred Hoyle opposes the Big Bang cosmology and postulates a 'steady-state' cosmological model in which matter and energy are constantly generated as the universe expands," Liu notes.
3
-"But this hypothesis goes against the law of conservation of mass-energy. Current theory assumes that matter and energy suddenly appear and disappear, and interestingly, it does not violate conservation laws.
_These singularities cannot be observed because they occur infrequently in time and are so fast that they cannot be resolved, which may be why dark matter and dark energy have not been discovered. The origin of these temporal singularities is unknown. It is no exaggeration to say that the same is true of the Big Bang moment itself."
3-1.
-This singularity, which exists in the universe instead of dark matter, creates a phenomenon called 'negative pressure'. Negative pressure is a type of energy density like dark energy and has a repulsive gravitational effect, causing the universe to expand rapidly.
3-2. Negative pressure and accelerating space
-"The sound pressure applied by the magnetic field along the magnetic field lines is an example," Liu says.
If the Big Bang theory is correct, the ratio of the old inertial force of 3.5 billion years ago to the present inertial force is 1.8 times.
Did Cyanobacteria of 3.5 billion years ago live near the current position of Mercury?