Parkinson’s Disease Is Actually 50% More Common in the U.S. Than Current Estimates

New Parkinson’s disease incidence rate totals nearly 90,000 diagnoses each year, compared to previous estimates of 60,000 diagnoses annually.

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. It is much more common in older age, with a population prevalence of 4% at age 80 compared to 1% at age 60.  It is a brain disorder that causes unintended or uncontrollable movements, such as shaking, rigidity, and difficulty with balance and coordination. Symptoms usually begin gradually and worsen over time, with cognitive decline common at later stages. As the disease progresses, people may have difficulty walking and talking.

New research reveals that the annual incidence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) among older adults is actually 50% higher than current estimates of 60,000 diagnoses annually. Published today (December 15, 2022) in the scientific journal npj Parkinson’s disease, the peer-reviewed study measured new cases of Parkinson’s disease, or the number of people diagnosed with PD per year.

The key findings include:

• PD incidence estimates increase with age in the 65+ range.
• PD incidence estimates are higher in males as compared to females at all ages.
• PD incidence rates are higher in certain geographic regions: the “Rust Belt,” Southern California, Southeastern Texas, Central Pennsylvania, and Florida. (The “Rust Belt” consists of parts of the northeastern and midwestern U.S. with a history of heavy industrial manufacturing.)

Regional and Gender Differences in PD Rates

“These updated estimates of incidence are necessary for understanding disease risk, planning health care delivery, and addressing care disparities,” said James Beck, PhD, co-author of the study and chief scientific officer at the Parkinson’s Foundation. “Knowing this information will allow us to better serve people with Parkinson’s and their families and plan for adequate health care services in the future.”

This study is the most comprehensive assessment of Parkinson’s incidence in North America based on five epidemiological cohorts to count the number diagnosed in 2012. Prior Parkinson’s disease incidence rates, based on smaller studies, were estimated to be in the 40,000 – 60,000 range per year. The new incidence rate is 1.5 times higher at nearly 90,000 cases annually. The primary risk factor for Parkinson’s disease is age and the increase in the incidence of PD aligns with the growth of an aging population. 

Environmental and Geographic Influences on PD

“Unique to this study, we found that PD incidence estimates have varied for many reasons, including how cases are identified and the geographic location of the study,” said Allison Willis, MD, lead author of the study and associate professor of Neurology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. “The persistence of the Parkinson’s disease belt in the U.S. might be due to population, health care or environmental factors. Understanding the source of these variations will be important for health care policy, research and care planning.”

The study was supported by the Parkinson’s Foundation and The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF), as well as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES). 

“The growth in those diagnosed and living with PD underscores the need to invest in more research toward better treatments, a cure, and one day, prevention,” said Brian Fiske, PhD, co-author of the study and chief scientific officer at MJFF. “It’s also a clear call to lawmakers to implement policies that will lessen the burden of Parkinson’s disease on American families and programs like Medicare and Social Security.” 

Addressing the Growing Burden of Parkinson’s

Results from the study could help inform recruitment strategies for research studies and guide what types of individuals to enroll and where. They may also shed light on Parkinson’s “hot spots” where more resources might be needed — whether it is a registry for researchers to analyze critical data or programs and services to support people and families living with PD. A clearer understanding of the incidence of Parkinson’s disease in the U.S. helps organizations, researchers, and care teams adapt to the evolving needs of the PD community and could serve as a framework for a global assessment of the disease. 

The Parkinson’s Foundation formed the Parkinson’s Prevalence Project to calculate an accurate estimate of the prevalence (a measurement of all individuals affected by the disease at a given point in time). The study estimated that 930,000 people in the U.S. would be living with PD by the year 2020 and this number is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030. In addition, a previous study backed by MJFF and a handful of partners revealed the economic burden of PD in the U.S. The study showed that Parkinson’s disease costs the U.S. $52 billion every year and will cost $80 billion annually by 2037.

Reference: “Incidence of Parkinson’s disease in North America” by A. W. Willis, E. Roberts, J. C. Beck, B. Fiske, W. Ross, R. Savica, S. K. Van Den Eeden, C. M. Tanner and C. Marras on behalf of the Parkinson’s Foundation P4 Group, 15 December 2022, npj Parkinson s Disease.
DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00410-y

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