And UK failing to recommend or monitor dietary levels of choline, warns nutritionist.
The momentum behind a move to plant-based and vegan diets for the good of the planet is commendable, but risks worsening an already low intake of an essential nutrient involved in brain health, warns a nutritionist in the online journal BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health.
To make matters worse, the UK government has failed to recommend or monitor dietary levels of this nutrient–choline–found predominantly in animal foods, says Dr Emma Derbyshire, of Nutritional Insight, a consultancy specializing in nutrition and biomedical science.
Choline is an essential dietary nutrient, but the amount produced by the liver is not enough to meet the requirements of the human body.
Choline is critical to brain health, particularly during fetal development. It also influences liver function, with shortfalls linked to irregularities in blood fat metabolism as well as excess free radical cellular damage, writes Dr Derbyshire.
The primary sources of dietary choline are found in beef, eggs, dairy products, fish, and chicken, with much lower levels found in nuts, beans, and cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli.
In 1998, recognizing the importance of choline, the US Institute of Medicine recommended minimum daily intakes. These range from 425 mg/day for women to 550 mg/day for men, and 450 mg/day and 550 mg/day for pregnant and breastfeeding women, respectively, because of the critical role the nutrient has in fetal development.
In 2016, the European Food Safety Authority published similar daily requirements. Yet national dietary surveys in North America, Australia, and Europe show that habitual choline intake, on average, falls short of these recommendations.
“This is….concerning given that current trends appear to be towards meat reduction and plant-based diets,” says Dr Derbyshire.
She commends the first report (EAT-Lancet) to compile a healthy food plan based on promoting environmental sustainability, but suggests that the restricted intakes of whole milk, eggs and animal protein it recommends could affect choline intake.
And she is at a loss to understand why choline does not feature in UK dietary guidance or national population monitoring data.
“Given the important physiological roles of choline and authorization of certain health claims, it is questionable why choline has been overlooked for so long in the UK,” she writes. “Choline is presently excluded from UK food composition databases, major dietary surveys, and dietary guidelines,” she adds.
It may be time for the UK government’s independent Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition to reverse this, she suggests, particularly given the mounting evidence on the importance of choline to human health and growing concerns about the sustainability of the planet’s food production.
“More needs to be done to educate healthcare professionals and consumers about the importance of a choline-rich diet, and how to achieve this,” she writes.
“If choline is not obtained in the levels needed from dietary sources per se then supplementation strategies will be required, especially in relation to key stages of the life cycle, such as pregnancy, when choline intakes are critical to infant development,” she concludes.
Reference: “Could we be overlooking a potential choline crisis in the United Kingdom?” by Emma Derbyshire, August 29, 2019, BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2019-000037
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9 Comments
Adelynn’s Miracle Beans recipe and diet plan is a great way to get all the nutrients a body needs to create perfect body cells of every kind! It can help everyone in many ways and help without using so much meat. It surely can make you lose weight easily and nutritionally. It’s posted on the internet.
So for us with young vegan relatives we value, what alternate sources of choline are recommended, Dr. Derbyshire?
Please update your report, as the BMJ has done, to acknowledge Emma Derbyshire’s membership of the “Meat Advisory Panel”. http://meatandhealth.redmeatinfo.com/meat-the-experts/meat-advisory-panel-(map).aspx
Please notice the “competing interests” section at the end of the paper which states: “[Emma Derbyshire] is a member of the Meat Advisory Panel which receives an educational grant from the meat industry.”
It’s sad that the editors of this site choose not to share such crucial conflict of interest.
Choline is a precursor to a substance calĺed TMAO which has been shown to promote heart disease. You can get far too much from animal products so it is probably best to get it from plant sources.
This woman who wrote this article is on a meat advisory board. Always follow the money when some hack comes out against vegan or vegetarian diets.
If you have an app to put your food in you’ll see that as a plant based eater is eat to get thesenumbers in.also the person that wrote this service is on the meat and dairy council.
Here’s the truth about choline and eggs: https://nutritionfacts.org/video/eggs-and-choline-something-fishy/
Thank you for calling her out