A galaxy cluster merger 1 billion years ago created a shockwave 60 times larger than the Milky Way, offering insights into complex galactic physics.
Astronomers have a thing for big explosions and collisions, and it always seems like they are trying to one-up themselves in finding a bigger, brighter one. There’s a new entrant to that category – an event so big it created a burst of particles over 1 billion years ago that is still visible today and is 60 times bigger than the entire Milky Way.
That shockwave was created by the merger of two galaxy clusters to create a supercluster known as Abell 3667. This was one of the most energetic events in the universe since the Big Bang, according to calculations by Professor Francesco de Gasperin and his time from the University of Hamburg and INAF. When it happened over 1 billion years ago, it shot out a wave of electrons, similar to how a particle accelerator would. All these years later, those particles are still traveling at Mach 2.5 (1500 km/s), and when they pass through magnetic fields, they emit radio waves.
Those radio waves are what Dr. de Gasperin and his colleagues observed using a new telescope array in South Africa known as MeerKAT. Radio signals alone weren’t enough to characterize the shockwave itself, though – the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory also spent some time focused on Abell 3667.
The results of all those observations is a better understanding of the physics of the merger of these galaxy clusters, which were “much more complex than we initially thought,” said Dr. de Gasperin. The shockwaves themselves look like “filaments that trace the location of giant magnetic field lines.” What is clear from the pictures is that, even when scientists are simply looking for big collisions, the resulting radio images might be awe-inspiring in themselves.
Adapted from an article originally published on Universe Today.
For more on this discovery, see A Massive Cosmic Shock Wave That Extends for 6.5 Million Light Years.
[Editor’s Note: An earlier version said the merger of the two galaxy clusters happened 200 million years ago. 1 billion years ago is correct.]
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5 Comments
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I think there’s an error with the units where the speed of the particles is described:
“those particles are still traveling at Mach 2.5 (1500 km / s)”
I imagine Mach 2.5 might be 1500 m/s, not km/s, otherwise a fighter jet could cross the distance between Munich and Berlin 3 times over in one second!
Their we 2 references to how long ago this happened in the article. First, it was said that it happened over a1 billion years ago. Then it say 200 million years ago. Thats quite a spread.
200 million years ago was a mistake, so the first number was correct (1 billion years ago). The article has been fixed.