More synchrony between parents and children may not always be better, new research has revealed.
For the first time a new University of Essex study looked at behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony in 140 families with a special focus on attachment.
It looked at how they feel and think about emotional bonds whilst measuring brain activity as mums and dads solved puzzles with their kids.
The study – published in the journal Developmental Science – discovered that mums with insecure attachment traits showed more brain-to-brain synchrony with their children.
Importance of Attachment
Dr. Pascal Vrticka, from the Department of Psychology, said: “For secure child attachment development, sensitive and mutually attuned interactions with parents are crucial.
“If the parent, here the mother, has more insecure attachment traits it may be more difficult for the dyad to achieve optimal behavioral synchrony.
“Increased brain-to-brain synchrony may reflect a neural compensation mechanism to overcome otherwise less attuned interaction elements.”
The study also discovered different behavioral and brain-to-brain synchrony patterns depending on whether the parent was a mum or a dad.
Gender Differences in Synchrony
Fathers and children showed stronger brain-to-brain synchrony, whereas mums and their kids had stronger behavioral synchrony.
These findings suggest higher father-child brain-to-brain synchrony may reflect a neural compensation strategy to counteract a relative lack of behavioral synchrony.
It hopes this research will springboard studies into parent-child relationships and open up new avenues for intervention and prevention.
Future Research and Applications
It comes as Dr. Vrticka prepares to work with the NHS to explore family relationships.
He added: “Together with the East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, we will soon start looking at synchrony within families with neurodivergent children and children with experiences of care and adoption.
“Our aim is to find behavioral and neurobiological correlates of an optimal range of synchrony to help all families with their relationships and child attachment development.
“In doing so, we must appreciate that not only low but also high synchrony can signal interaction and relationship difficulties.”
Methodology of the Study
Attachment was assessed in parents with an interview and in children with a story completion task.
Brain-to-brain synchrony between parents and children was studied with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyper scanning.
Finally, the parent-child interaction was video-recorded and coded for behavioral synchrony.
Reference: “Visualizing the invisible tie: Linking parent–child neural synchrony to parents’ and children’s attachment representations” by Trinh Nguyen, Melanie T. Kungl, Stefanie Hoehl, Lars O. White and Pascal Vrtička, 24 March 2024, Developmental Science.
DOI: 10.1111/desc.13504
The study was led by Dr. Trinh Nguyen who now works at the Italian Institute of Technology in Rome, Italy, and Dr. Melanie Kungl from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany – along with colleagues from Vienna, Berlin, and Leipzig.
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