A newly published study from Yale University scientists suggests that the earliest ray-finned fishes called teleosts appeared well before what researchers had previously thought, finding that the evolutionary age of living teleosts may be close to 300 million years old.
The most common lineages of fish found today in oceans, lakes, and rivers evolved about the same time as mammals and birds, a new Yale University-led study shows.
The comparative genetic analysis of more than 200 fish species, reported the week of August 6 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, gave an earlier than expected evolutionary birthday to well-known teleost — or ray-finned — fish such as salmon, bass, or tuna.
The analysis also shows that the very earliest lineages of living teleost fish were eels and bonefishes, not tropical freshwater bonytongue fish as some scientists had proposed.
“Half of all animals that have backbones are ray-finned fish, but we know little about their evolutionary history in contrast to other vertebrate lineages like frogs, lizards, birds, and mammals,” said Thomas Near of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Yale and lead author of the paper. “Fish are usually viewed as primitive in origin, but we are learning that most of the familiar living lineages of fish arose more recently — during what we might call the Second Age of Fishes.”
The Devonian period, 415 to 355 million years ago, is known as the Age of Fishes and saw the appearance of many types of fish such as bony fishes, sharks, skates, and rays, as well as lineages known only from the fossil record. The living lineages of teleost fish — the major group of ray-finned fish — were thought to have appeared some 150 million years ago. The Yale study suggests the evolutionary age of living teleosts may be closer to 300 million years old.
However, the analysis shows the great majority of teleost lineages found today appeared much later — in the Cretaceous through the Paleocene, some 120 to 60 million years ago, along with the first mammals and birds. Near and his team are investigating whether the extinction event some 65 million years ago that killed off the last of the dinosaurs also may have facilitated teleost fishes to radiate throughout the world’s oceans and rivers, just as it led to rapid expansion of mammalian and bird diversity.
“The new family tree of ray-finned fish comes close to completing the book on the evolutionary relationships of vertebrates,” Near said.
Reference: “Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification” by Thomas J. Near [email protected], Ron I. Eytan, Alex Dornburg, Kristen L. Kuhn, Jon A. Moore, Matthew P. Davis, Peter C. Wainwright, Matt Friedman and W. Leo Smith, 6 August 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206625109
Other Yale authors on the study are Ron I. Eytan, Alex Dornburg, and Kristen L. Kuhn.
The team of researchers included scientists from the University of California-Davis, John Wilkes Honors College, The Field Museum of Natural History, and the University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
The study was funded by the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History and the National Science Foundation.
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