UCLA Health researchers have uncovered that sex and childhood trauma distinctly affect one’s risk for 20 major diseases.
The study, analyzing data from over 2,100 participants, identifies stress profiles that predict disease biomarkers and conditions later in life. This precision medicine approach suggests screening for stress could be pivotal in pediatric and adult clinical settings.
A new study led by UCLA Health found that a person’s sex and their unique experiences of childhood trauma can have specific consequences for their biological health and risk of developing 20 major diseases later in life.
Although a large body of research has shown that childhood adversity can have long-lasting impacts on a person’s biology and health, there has been little research looking into how different types of stressors affect specific biological functions and health risks.
Detailed Study Findings on Stress Impacts
The new findings, published today (September 17) in the journal Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, not only revealed that these early stressors can cause specific health impacts, but that these impacts also systematically differed for male and females. The findings are believed to represent one of the most comprehensive analyses of the biological and clinical consequences of adverse childhood experiences, said the study’s senior author, Dr. George Slavich, director of the Laboratory for Stress Assessment and Research at UCLA.
“Most people who have experienced significant stress or early-life trauma never get assessed,” said Slavich. “These findings highlight the critical importance of screening for stress in clinical settings. They also move us beyond a one-size-fits-all approach and toward a precision medicine approach based on patients’ sex and specific stress profile.”
Research Methods and Participant Data
To examine how early exposure to adversity impacts health later in life, Slavich and colleagues used a large data source that includes measurements of early-life adversity, disease biology, and mental and physical health. The data came from more than 2,100 participants in the “Midlife in the United States: A National Longitudinal Study of Health and Wellbeing” study funded by the National Institute on Aging.
Participants reported on the types and severity of adverse childhood experiences they experienced, including financial distress, abuse, neglect, how often they moved, whether they lived away from their biological parents, and whether they had been on welfare. Additionally, participants provided biological samples for calculating 25 disease biomarkers and indicated whether they had ever been diagnosed with any of twenty major health conditions.
Slavich and his team conducted a latent-class analysis of the data to identify clusters of adults who had experienced multiple childhood stressors. Researchers then tested how these clusters and independent stressors were related to 25 biomarkers of inflammation, metabolism, and stress, as well as 20 major health conditions.
The result was two stressor classes for males (High Stress and Low Stress) and three for females (High Stress, Moderate Stress, and Low Stress.) Overall, those in the low-stress classes exhibited the fewest major health issues, with participants’ risk increasing as their stressor exposure increased.
Conclusions on Stress Exposure and Health Risks
Both males and females in the high-stress classes had the poorest metabolic health and greatest inflammation. However, there were differences between the sexes. The impacts of adverse childhood experiences on metabolic health biomarkers were greater for females than males. Emotional abuse and neglect also tended to have greater effects in males than females for several biomarkers and health conditions such as blood disorders, mental and behavior health issues, and thyroid issues.
Future Implications for Clinical Care
Slavich said the findings underscore the need to integrate assessments of stress biology and exposure into clinical care, and to ensure that patients’ risk profiles take sex and specific stressor exposure into account.
“Stress is implicated in 9 of the ten leading causes of death in the United States today,” Slavich said. “It’s about time we take that statistic seriously and begin screening for stress in all pediatric and adult clinics nationwide.”
Reference: “The effects of childhood adversity on twenty-five disease biomarkers and twenty health conditions in adulthood: Differences by sex and stressor type” by Jenna Alley, Jeffrey Gassen and George M. Slavich, 25 July 2024, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.019
Funding: This work was supported in part by grant #OPR21101 to Dr. George Slavich from the California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research/California Initiative to Advance Precision Medicine. The findings and conclusions in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of these organizations, which had no role in designing or planning this study; in collecting, analyzing, or interpreting the data; in writing the article; or in deciding to submit the article for publication.
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1 Comment
How timely. As a now eighty year old American male who can still recall a tumultuous childhood punctuated with at least five severe traumas (three only recall being told of) I can also recall that in 1955 L. Ron Hubbard explained these kinds of diseases in “Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health” Book Two, Psychosomatic Illnesses. Additionally, in 1956, “The Pulse Test” for lay readers by Arthur F. Coca, M.D. reported on a kind of nearly subclinical non-IgE-mediated food (minimally) allergy reaction that caused about thirty adverse medical conditions which mainstream medicine still fails to recognize and research. And, in 1981, Dr. Ryke Geerd Hamer began researching chronic illnesses in a clinical setting ultimately founding “New German Medicine” which, similar to L. Ron Hubbard in Dianetics, explains psychosomatic illnesses (my label for both of them) down to a low level of brain/mind function.
What I can personally add to those as something of a ‘worse’ but not ‘worst’ case scenario of multiple mostly mild, now, food and food additive allergies and adult chronic illnesses is that in 1981 I became mysteriously, seriously ill after the US FDA approved the expanded use of added excitotoxic and neurotoxic artificially cultured “free” (can cross the blood brain barrier) monosodium glutamate (MSG) which mainstream medicine generally still considers to be “safe;” not! Therefore, no conversation or study on chronic diseases will ever be complete and/or competent until my kind of allergies and FDA approved food poisoning (MSG, minimally, others) are fully factored-in.