Eating early and fasting intermittently improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, presenting a powerful approach to type 2 diabetes prevention.
A fasting diet that focuses on eating early in the day could be the key to reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A study conducted by the University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) examined the effectiveness of two dietary approaches for individuals predisposed to type 2 diabetes: a time-restricted, intermittent fasting regimen and a calorie-reduced diet.
Improved Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity
“Following a time-restricted, intermittent fasting diet could help lower the chances of developing type 2 diabetes,” said senior author the University of Adelaide’s Professor Leonie Heilbronn, Adelaide Medical School.
“People who fasted for three days during the week, only eating between 8 am and 12 pm on those days, showed greater tolerance to glucose after 6 months than those on a daily, low-calorie diet.
“Participants who followed the intermittent fasting diet were more sensitive to insulin and also experienced a greater reduction in blood lipids than those on the low-calorie diet.”
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body’s cells don’t respond effectively to insulin and it loses its ability to produce the hormone, which is responsible for controlling glucose in blood.
It’s estimated that nearly 60 percent of type 2 diabetes cases could be delayed or prevented with changes to diet and lifestyle.
Almost 1.3 million Australians are currently living with the condition, for which there is no cure.
There were more than 200 participants recruited from South Australia in the 18-month study, which was published in the scientific journal, Nature Medicine.
Benefits Beyond Caloric Restriction
Participants on both the time-restricted, intermittent fasting diet and the low-calorie diet experienced similar amounts of weight loss.
“This is the largest study in the world to date and the first powered to assess how the body processes and uses glucose after eating a meal, which is a better indicator of diabetes risk than a fasting test,” said first author Xiao Tong Teong, a Ph.D. student at the University of Adelaide.
“The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence to indicate that meal timing and fasting advice extends the health benefits of a restricted calorie diet, independently from weight loss, and this may be influential in clinical practice.”
Further research is needed to investigate if the same benefits are experienced with a slightly longer eating window, which could make the diet more sustainable in the long term.
Reference: “Intermittent fasting plus early time-restricted eating versus calorie restriction and standard care in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial” by Xiao Tong Teong, Kai Liu, Andrew D. Vincent, Julien Bensalem, Bo Liu, Kathryn J. Hattersley, Lijun Zhao, Christine Feinle-Bisset, Timothy J. Sargeant, Gary A. Wittert, Amy T. Hutchison and Leonie K. Heilbronn, 6 April 2023, Nature Medicine.
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02287-7
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