Scientists Discover That Grief Can Increase Risk of Heart Problems

A study at the University of Arizona reveals that severe grief can cause significant increases in blood pressure, suggesting that grief could be a risk factor for cardiac events. The research implies that our emotional response to loss significantly impacts heart function, which is especially important for clinicians in supporting their grieving patients.

A study prompted individuals who had experienced the loss of loved ones to recall moments of grief. This led to an increase in their blood pressure.

The passing of close individuals can profoundly impact not only one’s mental health but also physical well-being. A team of scientists at the University of Arizona has conducted research exploring the effects of bereavement on cardiac performance, discovering that intense grief can induce a significant increase in blood pressure. The findings suggest that grief could be a risk factor for cardiac events.

The research, recently published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrates an association between grief severity and elevated systolic blood pressure response.

The idea of “dying of a broken heart,” which can happen following the loss of a loved one, was the motivation for the research, said Mary-Frances O’Connor, senior author of the study and a UArizona associate professor of psychology who specializes in grief. Increased risk of mortality after the death of a loved one has long been documented in epidemiological studies. The study by O’Connor and her colleagues looked at blood pressure as a possible contributing factor.

The study included 59 participants that had lost a close loved one in the past year.

“We were looking for a way to test the cardiovascular effects of grief during that vulnerable time in the first year after the loss,” said lead study author Roman Palitsky, who was a doctoral student at UArizona when the study was conducted and is now the director of research projects in spiritual health at Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Center.

Study participants were interviewed and asked to focus on feelings of separation and attachment through a process researchers call “grief recall.”

The researchers talked to each participant for 10 minutes and asked them to share a moment when they felt very alone after the death of their loved one. The researchers then measured the study participants’ blood pressure.

“When you go to a cardiologist, they don’t just measure your blood pressure. They also sometimes do a stress test, like a treadmill, and measure your blood pressure. This is sort of like an emotional stress test,” O’Connor said.

After grief recall, participants’ systolic blood pressure – which is the pressure that the heart exerts on the arteries while beating – increased. From the baseline level, systolic blood pressure climbed by an average of 21.1 millimeters of mercury – the unit used to measure blood pressure. That is approximately as much of an increase as would be expected during moderate exercise.

Among the 59 participants, those who showed the highest level of grief symptoms experienced the greatest increase in blood pressure during the grief recall.

“This means that it isn’t just the death of a loved one that impacts the heart, but our emotional response to loss that is affecting our heart,” O’Connor said.

The study’s findings are helpful for clinicians, as they show that people who are experiencing bereavement are at higher risk for hypertension and other heart-related problems, O’Connor said.

“It’s important for psychologists and therapists to encourage grieving clients to get their regular medical checkups. Often, when we’ve been caring for a loved one who’s dying, we neglect our own health care,” she said.

In her Grief, Loss, and Social Stress Lab in the Department of Psychology, O’Connor studies an intervention called “progressive muscle relaxation.” It teaches grieving people to tighten and then fully relax the major muscle groups in their body. This kind of body-based intervention can be helpful for people in terms of their grief and curbing their stress levels, O’Connor said.

“I continue to look for interventions that will help address the physical and medical side of grieving, in addition to the emotional side,” she said.

Reference: “The Relationship of Prolonged Grief Disorder Symptoms With Hemodynamic Response to Grief Recall Among Bereaved Adults” by Roman Palitsky, Da’Mere Wilson, Sydney E. Friedman, John M. Ruiz, Daniel Sullivan and Mary-Frances O’Connor, 1 June 2023, Psychosomatic Medicine.
DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001223

The study was funded by the Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling and the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion.