A research team from Osaka University investigates the impact of antioxidant enzymes on specific cell types and their role in age-related diseases.
Many foods are marketed for their antioxidant benefits, which help neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS)—highly reactive molecules that can damage lipids, proteins, and DNA in human cells. Excess ROS accumulation is linked to age-related diseases, including cancer, highlighting the need to maintain a balanced oxidant/antioxidant system.
A recent study published in Blood by researchers from Osaka University and other institutions in Japan explores the critical antioxidant role of selenoproteins. The study examines how disrupting selenoprotein production impacts different cell types and hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation.
Human cells have 25 different selenoproteins. These antioxidant enzymes help convert dangerous ROS, such as lipid peroxides, into a safer form. Buildup of lipid peroxides can affect critical cells called hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a phenomenon observed in aging diseases.
“We observed that aged HSCs frequently display impaired selenoprotein synthesis, but it was unclear how this could contribute to cell aging and if it could be reversed,” says Yumi Aoyama, co-lead author of the study. “We hypothesized that selenoproteins are a critical part of the antioxidant system that fights age-related changes in HSCs.”
Investigating the Effects of Selenoprotein Disruption
To investigate this, the team used a mouse model with a certain gene knocked out, leading to disrupted selenoprotein production. They then examined how this affected different cell types, finding that the knockout negatively impacted HSCs and immune cells with B cell lineage (types of white blood cells) but had few effects on myeloid cells (a different family of immune cells).
“The most notable results of the knockout included B lymphocytopenia, which means there were fewer B cells than expected,” explains Hiromi Yamazaki, the other co-lead author. “The HSCs also had a limited ability to self-renew.”
Linking Selenoprotein Deficiency to Aging-Related Changes
These observations, along with increased expression levels of aging-related genes in these cell types, were consistent with what is frequently seen in age-related diseases. Further investigation indicated that the effects were driven by lipid peroxidation. Additionally, experiments with cells from the mouse model revealed that the disruption in selenoprotein synthesis could support B progenitors switching to the myeloid cell family.
“Our data suggest clear lineage-specific effects when the protective role of selenoproteins is lost,” says Daichi Inoue, senior author of the study. “These enzymes are critical for counteracting the lipid peroxides that accumulate during the aging process.”
The researchers also investigated the mechanisms underlying hematopoiesis with a feeding experiment on the knockout mice. They revealed that dietary Vitamin E can protect hematopoiesis and has the ability to repair impaired B cell differentiation.
This study shows the antioxidant functions of selenoproteins and how they ensure proper HSC self-renewal and B cell-lineage immune cell maturation. Because the knockout mice displayed similar phenotypes to aged normal mice, the findings demonstrate how potentially addressing selenoprotein production-related issues could help fight age-related diseases.
Reference: “Selenoprotein-Mediated Redox Regulation Shapes the Cell Fate of HSCs and Mature Lineages” by Yumi Aoyama, Hiromi Yamazaki, Koutarou Nishimua, Masaki Nomura, Tsukasa Shigehiro, Takafumi Suzuki, Weijia Zang, Yota Tatara, Hiromi Ito, Yasutaka Hayashi, Yui Koike, Miki Fukumoto, Atsushi Tanaka, Yifan Zhang, Wataru Saika, Chihiro Hasegawa, Shuya Kasai, Yingyi Kong, Yohei Minakuchi, Ken Itoh, Professor, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shinya Toyokuni, Atsushi Toyoda, Tomokatsu Ikawa, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo and Daichi Inoue, 7 January 2025, Blood.
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024025402
Funding: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Naito Foundation, American Society of Hematology, Japanese Society of Hematology, Ono Medical Research Foundation, Ono Pharmaceutical Foundation for Oncology, Mitsubishi Foundation, Cell Science Research Foundation, Kobayashi Foundation for Cancer Research, Takeda Science Foundation, Chugai Foundation for Innovative Drug Discovery Science, Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research, Friends of Leukemia Research Fund, Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund, Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, MSD Life Science Foundation and Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation
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