Weak antibody responses in ICU COVID-19 patients correlate with higher viral loads and mortality. Antibodies to the spike protein are vital for recovery, and personalized antibody treatments may be key to saving lives.
In a study of patients with COVID-19 being treated in intensive care units, people who mounted only a low antibody response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus faced a higher risk of dying.
The study, which is published in the Journal of Internal Medicine, also found that patients with strong antibody responses against the virus had low levels of viral RNA in their blood. On the contrary, those with poor antibody responses had high viral RNA levels and disseminated viral proteins in the blood.
The results could help establish the optimal antibody levels needed for an individual to overcome COVID-19 when critically ill. The study also provided evidence of the importance of antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to block the virus’ replication. These are the antibodies that are induced by vaccination.
“Our findings support that treatment with exogenous antibodies in COVID-19 should be personalized, reserving this therapy for those patients with absent or low endogenous antibodies levels,” said co–senior author Jesús F. Bermejo-Martin, MD, PhD, of the Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) & CIBERES, in Spain.
Reference: “Low anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels predict increased mortality and dissemination of viral components in the blood of critical COVID-19 patients” by María Martin-Vicente, Raquel Almansa, Isidoro Martínez, Ana P. Tedim, Elena Bustamante, Luis Tamayo, César Aldecoa, José Manuel Gómez, Gloria Renedo, Jose Ángel Berezo, Jamil Antonio Cedeño, Nuria Mamolar, Pablo García Olivares, Rubén Herrán-Monge, Ramón Cicuendez, Pedro Enríquez, Alicia Ortega, Noelia Jorge, Cristina Doncel, Amanda de la Fuente, Juan Bustamante-Munguira, María José Muñoz-Gómez, Milagros González-Rivera, Carolina Puertas, Vicente Más, Mónica Vázquez, Felipe Pérez-García, Jesús Rico-Feijoo, Silvia Martín, Anna Motos, Laia Fernandez-Barat, Jose María Eiros, Marta Dominguez-Gil, Ricard Ferrer, Ferrán Barbé, Wysali Trapiello, David J. Kelvin, Jesús F. Bermejo-Martin, Salvador Resino and Antoni Torres, 6 October 2021, Journal of Internal Medicine.
DOI: 10.1111/joim.13386
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