A Design Concept Changes How Materials Separate Gaseous Mixtures
A more energy-efficient method improves how an industrial gas is purified by reversing the traditional process. The concept was developed and successfully tested by scientists at Kyoto University’s Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) in Japan and colleagues. The findings were reported in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
Acetylene is a gas used in many industries, including as a fuel in welding and a chemical building block for materials like plastics, paints, glass and resins. To produce acetylene, it first needs to be purified from carbon dioxide. Traditionally, this is done by passing the acetylene/carbon dioxide gaseous mixture through a material. Carbon dioxide weakly interacts with the material and so passes through, while acetylene reacts strongly and becomes attached to it. The problem is that the subsequent removal of acetylene from the material takes several energy-consuming steps.
Scientists have been looking for ways to reverse this process, so that acetylene becomes the gas that passes through the material and carbon dioxide is held back. But so far, this has been very challenging.
“A problem is that both gases have similar molecular size, shape and boiling points,” explains iCeMS chemist Susumu Kitagawa, who led the study. “Adsorbents that favor carbon dioxide over acetylene do exist but are rare, especially those that work at room temperature.”
Engineering the Material to Favor CO₂ Adsorption
Kitagawa, iCeMS materials chemist Ken-ichi Otake and their colleagues improved carbon dioxide adsorption of a crystalline material called porous coordination polymers by modifying its pores. The team anchored amino groups into the pore channels of two porous coordination polymers. This provided additional sites for carbon dioxide to interact with and attach to the material. The additional interaction site also changed the way acetylene bound to the material, leaving less space for acetylene molecule attachment. This meant that more carbon dioxide and less acetylene was adsorbed compared to the same material that did not have the amino group anchors.
These newly designed materials adsorbed more carbon dioxide and less acetylene compared to other currently available carbon dioxide adsorbents. They also functioned well around room temperature, and performed stably through several cycles.
“This ‘opposite action’ strategy could be applicable to other gas systems, offering a promising design principle for porous materials with high performance for challenging recognition and separation systems,” says Kitagawa.
Reference: “Host–Guest Interaction Modulation in Porous Coordination Polymers for Inverse Selective CO2/C2H2 Separation” by Dr. Yifan Gu, Prof. Jia-Jia Zheng, Prof. Ken-ichi Otake, Dr. Mohana Shivanna, Prof. Shigeyoshi Sakaki, Haruka Yoshino, Prof. Masaaki Ohba, Dr. Shogo Kawaguchi, Prof. Ying Wang, Prof. Fengting Li and Prof. Susumu Kitagawa, 17 February 2021, Angewadte Chemie International Edition.
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016673
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